. Fondements de la botanique. La botanique, la botanique. FOUNnATIONS^212 OP BOTAJ af l'apex, arrondies à la base en un long pétiole, concave, ensemble ou dentés, lisses ou légèrement downy. Scape plus grand que les feuilles, Downy, spike densément fleurs ; bractées ovées, court. Fleurs par affec-. Étamines 4, la projection. Capsule ovoïde, environ deux fois la longueur du calice. Dans dooryards commun.* 2. P. lanceolata L., Ribgrass. Bisannuelle ou vivace ; soft- hairy ou presque lisses. De nombreuses feuilles, lancéolées à elliptiques, de courte et de longue-petioled fortement striées, 3-5, entières ou dentées. Paysages beaucoup plus longtemps que les feuilles, str

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. Foundations of botany. Botany; Botany. 212 FOUNnATIONS OP BOTAJ^fY the apex, rounded at the base into a long, concave petiole, entire or toothed, smooth or slightly downy. Scape taller than the leaves, downy, spike densely flowered; bracts short, ovate. Flowers per- fect. Stamens 4, projecting. Capsule ovoid, about twice the length of the calyx. Common in dooryards.* 2. P. lanceolata, L. Ribgrass. Biennial or perennial; soft- hairy or nearly smooth. Leaves numerous, lanceolate to elliptical, acute, long-petioled, strongly 3-5-ribbed, entire or toothed. Scapes much longer than the leaves, striate-angled, 1-2 ft. high, spike short and dense. Bracts and sepals ovate. Corolla smooth. Cap- sule longer than the calyx, 2-seeded. Introduced; common in meadows.* 3. P. aristata, Michx. Largb-bracted Plan- tain. Annual. Leaves broadly linear, entire or sparingly and finely toothed, narrowed below into a margined petiole, smooth or silky-downy. Scape longer than the leaves, 6-10 in. high, spike dense. Bracts linear, ^-1 in. long. Stamens 4; capsule 2-seeded, longer than the calyx. Common on dry soil.* 4. P. heterophylla, Wutt. Many- seeded Plantain. Annual.. Leaves linear, fleshy, entire, or with a few spreading teeth, smooth or slightly downy. Scapes slender, 3-6 in. high, spike very slender, many- flowered, the lower flowers often, scattered. Bracts ovate, longer than the sepals. Stamens 2. Capsule twice the length of the calyx, many-seeded. Common in cultivated ground, especially S.*. Fig. 21. —Flowers of Plantain (Plantago), enlarged. A, earlier stage, pistil mature, sta- mens not yet appearing outside tlie corolla. B, later stage, pistil withered, stamens mature. 95. RUBIACE^. Madder Family. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves opposite and entire, with stipules between them, or appearing whorled since the stipules resemble the leaves. Flowers always perfect, frequently dimorphous (as in Houstonia, Mitchella, and Bouvardia). Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; limb 3-6-toothed.

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