. Leçons de démocratie . droit et gouvernement. En 1861, il devient Président des États-Unis. Lorsqu’il a été élu, les États du sud ont tenté de former leur propre gouvernement. Puis la grande guerre civile éclata. Lincoln était le chef de file de la nation dans sa lutte contre l'Union. Pour cette raison, il a été appelé le Sauveur de son pays. En 1863, il a publié une Proclamation libérant les esclaves. En 1865, après avoir mené la nation à la victoire, des hewa tués par un assassin. Mais après sa mort, ses souhaits ont été réalisés dans le treizième amendement de la Constitution. Cet amendement interdit à jamais l'esclave

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. Lessons in democracy . law andgovernment. In 1861 he became the President of the UnitedStates. When he was elected, the southern states tried toform a government of their own. Then the great Civil War broke out. Lincoln was the leader of the nation in its fight forunion. For this reason he has been called the Savior ofhis Country. In 1863 he issued a Proclamation freeing the slaves. In 1865, after he had led the nation to victory, hewas killed by an assassin. But after his death his wishes were carried out inthe Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution. This Amendment forever prohibits slavery in anypart of the United States. Thomas Edison Nearly everyone has heard of Thomas Edisonand his great inventions. He is often called the Wizard of the ElectricalWorld. Edison was born in 1847 at Milan, Ohio. GREAT AMERICAN CITIZENS 39 Like Lincoln, he was poor. As a boy he soldnewspapers on the street. When still a young boy he began experiments inelectricity. Now he has a large laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey.. Edison in his laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey. 40 LESSONS IN DEMOCRACY Edison has made many telegraph and telephoneinventions. He has done much to improve the electric lightingof great cities. The best known of Edisons inventions is thetalking machine or the phonograph. The phonograph gives many people a chance tohear in their own homes the music of the best or-chestras, and the singing of the greatest singers. Through his inventions, Edison-has made the worlda brighter and happier place in which to live. LESSON 5AMERICAN HOLIDAYS Independence Day On July 4, 1776, the people of the AmericanColonies declared themselves a free nation. The leaders of the Colonies signed a statement andcalled it the Declaration of Independence. This declared the Colonies an independent nation, free from the rule of England. The Declaration of Independence marked thebirth of a new nation. We celebrate July Fourth of every year in honor ofour nations birthday. AMERICAN HOLIDAYS

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