. Principes de la science vétérinaire ; un texte-livre pour une utilisation dans les écoles agricoles. La médecine vétérinaire. 266 PRINCIPES DE SCIENCE VÉTÉRINAIRE COCKED CHEVILLE un cheval est dit d'avoir une cheville armé quand il "knuckles sur" au boulet. Cela se produit lorsque la pente du métacarpe long est rendue moins obhque et l'os assume une position plus droite- que normalement. Un examen approfondi montre l'incapacité d'étendre le programme commun à l'usage. C'est une déformation causée par les changements structurels dans les tendons et ligaments de l'articulation des travaux de toutes sortes. Dans les jeunes chevaux il peut

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. Principles of veterinary science; a text-book for use in agricultural schools. Veterinary medicine. 266 PRINCIPLES OF VETERINARY SCIENCE COCKED ANKLE A horse is said to have a cocked ankle when he "knuckles over" at the fetlock joint. This occurs when the slope of the long pastern is rendered less obhque and the bone assumes a more up- right position than normally. Close examination shows inability to extend the joint to the usual degree. It is a deformity caused by structural changes in the tendons and ligaments about the joint from heavy work of all kinds. In young horses it may be the result of inherited weakness in these parts. If the cause of the condition can be found it should be promptly removed. Special shoes with low heels and long toes help in many cases (Fig. 66). Severe cases can be relieved only by dividing the shortened tendons (tenotomy). WINDGALLS Windgalls are soft, non-sensitive, puffy Fig. 6 6.—Cooked swellings filled with synovial fluid. They ankle This deformity appear about the fetlock joint and other is also known as iJ- , * "knuckling." parts where tendon sheaths are located. These enlargements vary in size, from a hazelnut to that of a hen's egg, or larger. In old horses they are a sign of hard work. Foals develop windgalls from general weakness, but they disappear without treatment when the animals get older. If no inconvenience is given the horse, little attention is required. They rarely diminish the use- fulness of the animal unless they become indurated and con- verted into fibrous tissue. Little success follows the removal of the fluid from windgalls. Massage and bandaging are helpful in reducing them. It is not wise to apply a blister with the hope of getting absorption of the serous fluid, as experience teaches that no permanent benefit results from such treatment. The presence of windgalls that do not interfere with the horse's move- ments need be regarded only as blemishes. CURB Curb is a swelling, or bulgi

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