. Anglais : le recensement de 1860 indique que Robert B. Smith, un Kentuckian, était un fermier dans le canton de Lexington Lafayette County, Missouri. Sa succession a été évalué à 19 000 $, un montant équivalent en valeur à un peu moins de 450 000 aujourd'hui. Les dossiers de recensement six enfants pour Robert (36 ans) et de sa femme Sarah (31)-Ruffus (11), Mary Kay (9), Robert Jr. (7), Elizabeth (5), Sally (3), et Joseph A. (2). Une autre personne nommée Minerva Hale (40) est montré vivant avec eux en 1860. Comme Robert, il est répertorié comme étant arrivé de Kentucky, ce qui pourrait signifier qu'elle était une sœur aînée, veuve d'hi

• Contributeur: History and Art Collection / Alamy Banque D'Images
• ID de l’image: PB78NP
• Taille du fichier: 14,3 MB (738,7 KB Téléchargement compressé)
• Autorisations: Modèle - non | Propriété - non
• Dimensions: 1725 x 2897 px | 14,6 x 24,5 cm | 5,8 x 9,7 inches | 300dpi
• Date de la prise de vue: 15 juin 2010

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. English: The 1860 census indicates that Robert B. Smith, a native Kentuckian, was a farmer in the Lexington township of Lafayette County, Missouri. His estate was valued at $19, 000, an amount equivalent in worth to just under $450, 000 today. The census records six children for Robert (aged 36) and his wife Sarah (31)—Ruffus (11), Mary Kay (9), Robert Jr. (7), Elizabeth (5), Sally (3), and Joseph A. (2). Another person named Minerva Hale (40) is shown living with them in 1860. Like Robert, she is listed as having come from Kentucky, which could mean that she was an elder, widowed sister of his, though this is purely speculation at this point. Since Ruffus, the first child, was born in Missouri, and Mary Kay, the second child, was born in Virginia, we learn that the family, or at least the mother, moved from Missouri back to Virginia for a while around 1851 and then moved back to Missouri. All of the subsequent Smith children were born in this state. Smith owned six slaves in 1860. As was common at the time there names are not recorded in the slave schedule—only their age, sex, and color. There were two women and four men between the ages of 18 and 50. Two of them were identified as house slaves and three of them marked as “Fugitives from the State.” Given the date and location of Smith’s farm, it is highly likely that the three young, male, “mulatto” fugitives took advantage of the turmoil rocking the Kansas-Missouri border and escaped the bondage of slavery by fleeing to Kansas. Remaining on the Smith farm were a man and woman, both aged 50 years old, and an 18 year-old woman. These are probably the slaves shown in the three photographs taken in 1863. The first photo shows “Frances & Sally.” Here we learn the name of the Smith’s youngest slave, Frances, now about 21 years old, posing with their youngest daughter, about six years old. The second photo shows the eldest male slave, Jason, now aged about 53 years, with the youngest son, Joseph, or

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