. Anglais : Les Mamelouks (littéralement "propriété", c.-à-d., les esclaves) avaient contrôlé l'Egypte à partir de 1250 jusqu'à la conquête ottomane de 1516-17, mais même alors, ils continuent de gouverner l'Égypte pour le Sultan Ottoman, tout en rendant hommage. Ils avaient été à l'origine d'une caste militaire d'anciens esclaves au service des sultans égyptiens. Les jeunes garçons, principalement les régions de Turcs Qiptchaks au nord de la mer Noire, ont été achetés à des marchands d'esclaves et formés en tant que guerriers par les générations précédentes d'émirs mamelouks ou commandants. Ils ont été libérés sur l'âge adulte, étant donné un cheval et des armes, puis a pris l'emploi avec leur forme

• Contributeur: The Picture Art Collection / Alamy Banque D'Images
• ID de l’image: MYNFN2
• Taille du fichier: 14,3 MB (595,9 KB Téléchargement compressé)
• Autorisations: Modèle - non | Propriété - non
• Dimensions: 1869 x 2675 px | 15,8 x 22,6 cm | 6,2 x 8,9 inches | 300dpi
• Date de la prise de vue: 20 mai 2008

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. English: The Mamluks (literally `owned’, i.e., slaves) had controlled Egypt from 1250 until the Ottoman conquest of 1516-17, yet even then they still continued to govern Egypt for the Ottoman Sultan, while paying tribute. Originally they had been a military caste of former slaves serving the Egyptian sultans. Young boys, mainly Kipchak Turks from regions north of the Black Sea, were bought from slave dealers and trained as warriors by previous generations of Mamluk amirs or commanders. They were set free on reaching adulthood, given a horse and arms, and then took employment with their former masters. In 1250, a group of Mamluk generals seized power from the Ayyubid dynasty, and ruled Egypt, even after the Ottoman conquest, until the time of Napoleon’s invasion in 1797. Under the Mamluk Sultan Baybars, they had even defeated the Mongols in a pitched battle in 1260. Although to the end spectacularly brave horsemen, their power slowly declined. The Egyptian economy was weakened by the rise of European trading rivals and new trade routes, and by devastating visitations of the plague. After surviving the invasion by the French, and then the British, the Mamluks struggled on. Yet, apart from a few survivors, the most prominent were finally eliminated in a treacherous massacre by the new ruler of Egypt, the Albanian general Muhammad Ali in 1811. This is one of twenty-one costume figure studies, probably intended for illustration, by Page in the Museum’s collections. They show Ottoman subjects of various ranks and occupations, both male and female. Page recorded in fine detail their elaborate costumes in the last years preceding the modernising reforms that steadily eroded many traditional forms of dress and behaviour. It is not clear how many Mamluks survived the massacre by Muhammad Ali in 1811, but the detail of the costume of this individual, and that it seems to be a kind of portrait, implies that Page saw this survivor first-hand. Unlike Henry Alken’s preoc

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