. Bulletin - United States National Museum. La science. mentionne l'utilisation de l'Fcldkunsi. quel terme signifiait la tiges étendues, comme ayant été connu en 1565. L'inconvénient de déplacer le poids d'une longue rallonge de tiges a été écartée, au 17e siècle, grâce à l'utilisation d'un double ensemble de tiges d'équilibré, à l'allure d'un panto- graphe. À une date ultérieure le cheval caprice a été équipé d'une manivelle et adaptées à l'Stangenkunst'", permettant ainsi la mise en place d'un réseau d'alimentation de table- veri, comme suggéré par la figure 1. Le directeur des mines de Freiberg en 1570 Martin planer l'installation

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. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. mentions the use of the Fcldkunsi. which term signified the extended rods, as having been known in 1565. The disadvantage of moving the weight of a long extension of rods was obviated, during the 17th century, through the use of a double set of balanced rods, resembling a panto- graph. At some later date the horse whim was fitted with a crank and adapted to the Stangenkunst, '" thus permitting the establishment of a veri- table power network, as suggested in figure 1. The Freiberg mine director Martin Planer reported in 1570 the installation since 1557 of thirty-eight "Kunsten und Zeugen" in mines under his charge. That these were water-powered ma- chines is clear from his remark that their cost was only 10 to 20 percent that of "Pferden und Kncchten." '" It is likely that many if not most were Stangcnkunsten, for mining treatises of the 17th and 18th centuries testify to the continuous extension of this mecha- nism.'* Perhaps the most striking evidence of its importance is its representation on the illustrated coinage of the 17th century. These multiple talers (figs. 1, 2, 3), happy products of the ingenious fiscal policies of the Dukes of Brunswick, picture mining activity in the 17th century no less elegantly than do the woodcuts of De re metallica a century earlier. The Stangenkunst received its most spectacular application in France, in its application to the driving of the second- and third-stage pumps in the famous waterworks at Marly (1681-88), but '" I have been unable to find an early reference to this innovation, which appears in a sketch of 1784-85 iUustrating Conrad MaLschoss', "Die Maschinen des deutschcn Berg- und Huttcnwescns vor 100 Jahren, " Beitriige cer Geschichle der Technik und Industrie (1909), Band I, p. 7. Its introduction may be connected with the appearance of the term Rosskunst for the horse windlass, known earlier as the Gopel. " "Be

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