. Cunningham's Text-book de l'anatomie. L'anatomie. 1412 SUKFACE SUKGICAL. L'anatomie et les maladies gastro-intestinales canal. Infections inflammatoires du péritoine sont donc presque toujours secondaire à des lésions des viscères. La lymphe péritonéale sac est mis en communication directe avec l'subperitoneal les vaisseaux lymphatiques du diaphragme à travers les stomates qui ouvert sur le péritoine qui couvre la surface de l'abdomen de ce muscle. Avec l'objet, par conséquent, de diminuer l'absorption d'épuration après des opérations pour la péritonite, le patient est gardé dans la demi-Position d'assise, et le drainage pelvien est establishe

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. Cunningham's Text-book of anatomy. Anatomy. 1412 SUKFACE AND SUKGICAL ANATOMY. gastro-intestinal canal. Inflammatory infections of the peritoneum are therefore almost always secondary to lesions of the viscera. The peritoneal lymph sac is brought into direct communication with the subperitoneal lymph vessels of the diaphragm through stomata which open upon the peritoneum covering the abdominal surface of that muscle. With the object, therefore, of diminishing septic absorption after operations for peritonitis, the patient is kept in the half-sitting posture, and pelvic drainage is established. The healthy peritoneum, in virtue of the vital action of its endothelial cells, is endowed with great absorptive properties, and, when irritated, has the power of throwing out an abundant exudation, the cell- elements of which are actively phagocytic. The reflection of the peritoneum and its relations to the various organs have been fully described in the section on the Digestive System. The attachment of the transverse mesocolon to the posterior abdominal wall is at the level of the second lumbar vertebra, and lies, therefore, a little above the infracostal plane. The attachment, which ascends slightly as it passes from right to left, crosses the right kidney, the descending part of the duodenum, and the head of the pancreas, after which its attachment follows the superior border of the pancreas. The 'peritoneal subdivision above this attachment is roofed in by the dia- phragm, and includes the superior part of the great sac, and, behind it, the larger portion of the omental bursa. The organs related to this area of the peritoneum are the liver, along with the bile-ducts and gall- bladder, the stomach and part of the duodenum, the spleen, the pancreas, the upper parts of the kidneys, and the suprarenal glands. Suppuration connected with any of these organs is liable to spread up- wards under the cupola of the dia- phragm, producing what is known as subphrenic abscess. The a

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