. Cunningham's Text-book de l'anatomie. L'anatomie. Processus transverse tubercule accessoire élément Costal (lumbarial foramen transversarium Xeuro) occasionnel-suture centrale d'homologie DE LA SÉRIE LOMBAIRE vertèbre. C'est une évidence que la colonne vertébrale se compose d'un certain nombre de segments ou verte- bras tous possédant des caractères en commun. Ces vertèbres ou segments subissent des modifications en fonction de la région qu'ils oc- cupy et les fonctions qu'ils sont appelés à servir, de sorte que leur correspondance et de l'identité est ainsi masquée. Il n'y a pas de difficulté à reconnaître l'homo- lo

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. Cunningham's Text-book of anatomy. Anatomy. Transverse process Accessory tubercle Costal element (lumbarial) Occasional foramen transversarium Xeuro-central suture LUMBAR SERIAL HOMOLOGIES OF THE VERTEBRA. It is a self-evident fact that the vertebral column consists of a number of segments or verte- bras all possessing some characters in common. These vertebras or segments undergo modifications according to the region they oc- cupy and the functions they are called upon to serve, so that their correspondence and identity is thereby obscured. There is no difficulty in recognising the homo- logy of the bodies and vertebral arches throughout the column. According to some anatomists the vertebral arch is the more primi- tive element in the formation of a vertebra, whilst others hold that the bodies are the foundation of the column. Be that as it may we find that in the higher vertebrates, at least, the bodies are the parts which most persist. They are, however, subject to modifications dependent on their fusion with one another. This occurs in the cervical part of the column where the body of the first cervical or atlas has for functional reasons become fused with the body of the second or epistropheus to form the dens of that segment. For similar reasons, and in association with the union of the girdle of the hind-limb with the column, the bodies of the vertebras which correspond to the sacral segment become fused together to form a solid mass. In the terminal por- tion of the caudal region the bodies alone represent the vertebral seg- ments. As regards the vertebral arch, this in man becomes deficient in the lower sacral region, and absent altogether in the lower coccygeal segments. The spinous processes are absent in the case of the first cervical, lower sacral, and all the coc- cygeal vertebras, and display characteristic differences in the cervi- cal, thoracic, and lum- bar regions, which have been already described. The articular processes (zygapophyses) are sec

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