. Des parasites animaux et la maladie humaine. Parasitologie médicale ; insectes en tant que porteurs de la maladie. 108 TRYPANOSOMES ET LA MALADIE DU SOMMEIL à Trypanosoma rhodesiense probablement le virus mortel n'est qu'une souche de ce trypanosome de gibier sauvage qui a subi certains changements physiologiques ou mutation, rendant possible de vivre dans le corps humain. Bruce et certains d'autres jugent, identiques en tous points, sauf son abihty à vivre dans des corps humains, avec le bien connu et répandu qui cause de T. brucei nagana dans animaux sauvages et domestiques. Un exemple concret de la maladie du sommeil l'extermination est d'être

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. Animal parasites and human disease. Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. 108 TRYPANOSOMES AND SLEEPING SICKNESS Probably the deadly Trypanosoma rhodesiense is merely a strain of this wild game trypanosome which has undergone some physiologic change or mutation, making it possible for it to live in the human body. Bruce and some others consider it identical, in every respect except its abihty to live in human bodies, with the well-known and widespread T. brucei which causes nagana in wild and domesticated animals. A concrete example of sleeping sickness extermination is to be found in the fight against it on the Island of Principe by the Portuguese Sleeping Sickness Commission. Sleeping sickness had been a scourge on the island for years when the Commission began its work in 1911. Its efforts were directed against the tsetse fly, but this was accompanied by an active campaign against pigs, dogs and other trypanosome carriers, and the thorough care and treatment of human victims. The methods used are discussed in Chapter XXVI. The Commission cleared the island of sleeping sickness in a four years' campaign, but the tsetse flies are not yet totally exterminated, and the present condition on the island can only be maintained by constant work in the future, though at comparatively slight cost. Chagas' Disease A very different but hardly less destructive disease is caused by a trypanosome, Trypanosoma (or Schizotrypanum) cruzi, in certain parts of South America. Chagas, of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, first investigated the disease in the state of Minas Geraes in Brazil. He found that nearly all children in the endemic regions were stricken with the disease, usually before they were Fig. 25. Try panosoma cruziin blood , , rni. i tj of experimentally infected monkey. O^e year old. ihe mortahty waS A, so-called male form; B, so-called found to be Very high, and those female form. (After Chagas.) , .1, 1 .... who survived the mitial acute attack usually passe

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