. Grands débats dans l'histoire américaine, des débats au Parlement britannique sur la loi du timbre colonial (1764-1765) aux débats au Congrès à la fin de l'administration Taft (1912-1913) . la question de la sécession, voir le Volume V, Chapitre I.] Nomination des commissionnaires de la paix au début de 1813, l'empereur de Russie lui-même a offert comme médiateur afin de faciliter la paix entre la Grande-Bretagne et les États-Unis. Lors de l'ouverture du Congrès en mai 1813, le Président a annoncé que thathe avait nommé James A. Bayard, Henry Clay et Albert Gallatin comme envoyés extraordinaires pour agir avec John Q

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. Great debates in American history, from the debates in the British parliament on the Colonial stamp act (1764-1765) to the debates in Congress at the close of the Taft administration (1912-1913) . the question of secession, see Volume V, Chapter I.] Appointment op Peace Commissionees Early in 1813 the Emperor of Russia offered him-self as a mediator in order to facilitate peace betweenGreat Britain and the United States. At the opening ofCongress in May, 1813, the President announced thathe had appointed James A. Bayard, Henry Clay, andAlbert Gallatin as envoys extraordinary to act withJohn Quincy Adams, minister to Russia, and JonathanRussell, charge des affaires of the United States at Lon-don, as peace commissioners. The British Government, on one pretext or another, delayed appointing commissioners to negotiate with the 218 GREAT AMERICAN DEBATES American envoys. Indeed it was not until tlie summerof 1814 that the British commissioners, Lord Gambier, Henry Goulburn, and William Adams, were appointed.On August 6 the commissioners of both countries metat Ghent, in Belgium, and proceeded to their negotia-tions, which terminated on December 24, 1814, with thesigning of the treaty.. y ^ THE TALL OP WASHINGTON, OR MADDY [MADISON] IN PULL PLIGHT British caricatureFrom the collection of the New York Historical Society The delay had been profitable to Great Britain. Thefailure of the military policy of the American Govern-ment, the great expense of the war, and the rapidly in-creasing strength of the opposition made it imperativethat peace should be secured as quickly as possible, and, if necessary, at a sacrifice, even of principles. Hence, even before the commissioners met at Ghent, the Amer-ican Government had instructed its representatives toomit, at their discretion, any stipulation on the subjectof impressment which appeared likely to be the pointof irreconcilable difference. The American commissioners therefore, after con-tending for as long as it seemed wise for the

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