Histoire de l'Europe, ancienne et médiévale : l'homme plus tôt, l'Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome . ry, Louis XIV et sa cour. Heresolutely mis à travailler à accroître son territoire et son pouvoir. Par bassement tactique dans les trente derniers jours de la YearsWar il a réussi à obtenir, par le traité de Westphalie (§817),les évêchés de Minden et d'Halberstadt et le duché ofFarther occidentale, ce qui lui a donné une bonne ligne de rivage sur theBaltic. 894. Les réformes du grand électeur. Sachant que les intérêts de sa maison dépendait de la force militaire, il a organisé, en dépit des protestations des contribuables, une armée o

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History of Europe, ancient and medieval: Earliest man, the Orient, Greece and Rome . ry, Louis XIV, and his court. Heresolutely set to work to increase his territories and his power. By shrewd tactics during the closing days of the Thirty YearsWar he managed to secure, by the Treaty of Westphalia (§817), the bishoprics of Minden and Halberstadt and the duchy ofFarther Pomerania, which gave him a good shore line on theBaltic. 894. Reforms of the Great Elector. Knowing that the in-terests of his house depended on military strength, he organized, in spite of the protests of the taxpayers, an army out of all pro-portion to the size and wealth of his dominions, and this was Russia and Prussia become European Powers 607 the beginning of that great Prussian war machine which wasdeveloped as time went on and showed its tremendous strengthin the conflict which began in 1914. He succeeded in creatingan absolute monarchy on the model furnished by Louis XIV.He joined with England and Holland in their alliances againstLouis, and the army of Brandenburg began to be known and feared.. Fig. 157. Military Punishment The armies of the old regime were mostly made up of hired soldiers orserfs, and the officers maintained discipline by cruel punishments. In thispicture of a Prussian regiment one soldier is being flogged while half sus-pended by his wrists; another is forced to walk between two files of soldierswho must beat his bared back with heavy rods. It has been said that thesesoldiers found war a relief from the terrors of peace, since in war time thepunishments were lessened Though a good Protestant, the Great Elector permitted religiousfreedom to a remarkable degree. He made Catholics eligible to of-fice and, on the other hand, gave asylum to the persecuted Hugue-nots of France (§§ 788 ff.), even offering them special inducementsto settle in his realms. As Frederick the Great said of him, he washis own prime minister and his own commander in chief. 6o8 History of Europe 895. Br

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