. Histoire de la guerre civile américaine . passage du Jacques, accorde la base de supplyHe siège ^comme établi à City point, où a été garé les munitions et les stocks neces-sary pour une armée de plus de cent mille hommes.l'occupation de Petersbourg, une ville de 18,000 personnes habitées— 22 milles au sud de Richmond, et 9 au sud-ouest de City point, et à laquelle deux des chemins de fer d'approvisionnement convergeaient, a donc été la première étape dans le nouveau paign à cames. Nous devons maintenant voir qu'après la traversée de la personne, Grant, sans perdre un moment, a tenté de jeter Petersbourg, mais, déçu

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. History of the American Civil War . passage of the James, Grants base of supplyHe besieges ^as established at City Point, where wereaccumulated the munitions and stores neces-sary for an army of more than a hundred thousand men.The occupation of Petersburg—a town of 18, 000 inhabit-ants—22 miles south of Richmond, and 9 southwest ofCity Point, and to which two of the supplying railroadsconverged, was therefore the first step in the new cam-paign. We are now to see that, after the crossing of theriver, Grant, without the loss of a moment, attempted toseize Petersburg, but, disappointed in that, his operationsnecessarily assumed the form of a siege of the place, thefall of Petersburg implying the fall of Richmond. For a clear comprehension of the operations now to beThe defenses of described, it is necessary to allude to the to-pography of the region, and the defenses ofRichmond and Petersburg respectively. The Appomattox is a branch of the James River, comingin from the west, the James, previously to their confluence, . H - 55 Chap. LXXXIIL] PETERSBURG AND RICHMOND. 397 flowing, with many curves, in a southerly direction—thesestreams inclosing between them Bermuda Hundred, a pen-insula on which Butlers army lay. Richmond is on thenorth bank of the James, Petersburg on the south bank ofthe Appomattox (see Map, vol. iii., p. 384). There were two lines of defense covering Richmond, anexterior and an interior. The first, or exterior, encircled iton the north and east, at a distance of from four to tenmiles; it terminated on the south at Chajoins Bluff; overthe river, at this point, was Fort Darling; this line thenran westwardly across the Richmond and Petersburg Rail-road. The second, or interior line, environed the city fromthe northwest to the southeast, at a distance of about twomiles, both extremities resting on the river, which com-pleted the line. Petersburg is the focus of convergence of many roads; The railroads of the more important of them may be enumer-a

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