. Histoire de Rome et des Papes au Moyen Age . ul général Odo- pMie des christi Aiterthums,vacar, Et Romulus Augustulus, après avoir abdi-cachant le trône, avait pris sa retraite en isolement forcé vers la villoque Lucullus, près de Naples, l'histoire de l'Empireis occidental à une fin. La croix sur la monnaie sous Romulus (voir 111. 18) est comme une croix sur la pierre tombale de l'Empire.dorénavant, aucun monarque occidental, jusqu'à ce que nous atteignions Charles theGreat, s'aventurer pour porter le titre glorieux Imperator. 73. L'Empire en Italie a fait place au royaume.Odovacar, un barbare audacieux et fort, fils d'un ciel,

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. History of Rome and the Popes in the Middle Ages . ul general Odo- pMie des christi Aiterthums, vacar, and Romulus Augustulus, after abdi-cating the throne, had retired into enforced seclusion to the villaof Lucullus, near Naples, the history of the Western Empirewas at an end. The cross on the coinage under Romulus(see 111. 18) is as a cross on the tombstone of the Empire.Henceforth no Western monarch, until we reach Charles theGreat, will venture to bear the glorious title Imperator. 73. The Empire in Italy has made way for the kingdom.Odovacar, a bold and strong barbarian, son of a Skyre, andformerly in the service of Attila, now, at the invitation of hishordes of mercenaries, assumed the title and authority of King.At Rome the timid Senate saw no alternative but to confirm thechoice of the army. The new Kings first act was to compel the State to handbver to his Heruli, Rugians, Turkelings, and Skyres one-thirdjof the public land of Italy. He wished to secure a firm footingfor himself and his followers. But this rule by mercenaries, . io4 ROME AND THE POPES [No. 73 precisely because it was mercenary, could find no welcome in acivilised land. After thirteen years of government, by no meansdevoid of moderation and wisdom, Odovacar had not succeededin creating a State. His people proved quite incapable of found-ing a civic community, being warriors and nothing more. From a legal point of view Italy still possessed her Emperorin the East. She still retained her political centre at NewRome. Even Odovacar owned the authority of the Byzantineruler, though in the main his dependence was purely nominal. Yet we can in no wise overlook, that, even during those daysof humiliation for Italy and for Rome, the idea of a single RomanEmpire never lost its vitality. In Odovacars time RomanSenators expressed themselves in this wise to the Emperor ofEastern Rome : Italy wants no more Emperors of her own ; lethim who reigns in Byzantium be ruler also of the West. TheSenate retained i

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