Howqua (Chinois: 伍秉鑒; Mandarin Pinyin: Wǔ Bǐngjiàn; 1769 – 4 septembre 1843) était le plus important des marchands de Hong dans Les Treize Usines, chef de l'E-WO hong et chef du Canton Cohong (公行). Il était autrefois l'un des hommes les plus riches du monde. Né à Fujian, en Chine, il est connu pour l'Occident sous le nom de Howqua (le second). Son père, Wu Guorong, a également été Howqua (le premier) et a été fondateur de la société familiale. Parce que son nom chinois était trop difficile à prononcer pour les commerçants occidentaux, le nom Howqua vient de son nom commercial chinois 浩官 (Mandarin Pinyin: Haoguan). Il est devenu riche sur

• Contributeur: CPA Media Pte Ltd / Alamy Banque D'Images
• ID de l’image: 2B0299N
• Taille du fichier: 49,3 MB (1,4 MB Téléchargement compressé)
• Autorisations: Modèle - non | Propriété - non
• Dimensions: 3700 x 4657 px | 31,3 x 39,4 cm | 12,3 x 15,5 inches | 300dpi
• Date de la prise de vue: 6 août 2013
• Photographe: Pictures From History

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Howqua (Chinese: 伍秉鑒; Mandarin Pinyin: Wǔ Bǐngjiàn; 1769 – 4 September 1843) was the most important of the Hong merchants in the Thirteen Factories, head of the E-wo hong and leader of the Canton Cohong (公行). He was once one of the richest men in the world. Born in Fujian, China, he was known to the West as Howqua (the second). His father, Wu Guorong was also Howqua (the first) and was founder of the family company. Because his Chinese name was too difficult for western traders to pronounce, the name Howqua comes from his Chinese Business Name 浩官 (Mandarin Pinyin: Haoguan). He became rich on the trade between China and the British Empire in the middle of the 19th century during the First Opium War. Perhaps the wealthiest man in China during the nineteenth century, Howqua was the senior of the Hong merchants in Canton, one of the few authorized to trade silk and porcelain with foreigners. According to historic records, there was a fire in 1822 and many of the cohongs were burned down. The melted silver allegedly formed a little stream almost two miles in length. Of the 3 million dollars of compensation that was required to pay the British from the Treaty of Nanking, he single-handedly contributed one million, one third of the total sum. He later died in Canton the same year. To this day, portraits of the pigtailed Howqua in his robes still hang in Salem and Newport mansions built by U.S. merchants grateful for his assistance.

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