. L'anatomie comparée des vertébrés. L'anatomie, les vertébrés ; comparatifs. Organe auditif 293 de la plaque sensorielle ou macula acustica, qui sont à l'origine, continu de se déconnecter les uns des autres plus tard, et de compter les Téléostéens sont perçus comme acusticse maculae distincts. Un certain nombre des régions caractérisées par la possession de cet épithélium sensoriel ne sont pas concernés par le sens de l'audience : celles de l'ampoule", par exemple, et probablement ceux situés dans l'utriculus, doivent être considérés comme des organes de l'équilibration, servant pour l'orientation de l'individu dans l'espace. La f

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. Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative; Vertebrates. AUDITORY ORGAN 293 of the sensory plate or macula acustica, which are originally con- tinuous, become disconnected from one another later, and from Teleosts onwards are seen as separate maculae acusticse. A number of the regions characterised by the possession of this sensory epithelium are not concerned with the sense of hearing: those of the ampulla', for instance, and probably those situated in the utriculus, are to be looked upon as organs of equilibration, serving for the orientation of the individual in space. The fact that the above-mentioned parts of the membranous labyrinth are phylogenetically very ancient structures, and also that the organ in Invertebrates to which the function of hearing was formerly ascribed has now been proved to be concerned mainly with equilibration, indicates that the latter function was the primary. Fio. 214.—LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF AN AMPULLA OF Gomus. (After Hensen.) a, base of semicircular canal; b, point of opening of the ampulla into the alveus communis ; c, epithelium on the wall of the ampulla ; d, auditory hairs ; n, nerve passing into the connective-tissue of the crista. one in the vertebrate membranous labyrinth. Later, on the gradual appearance of the cochlea, a division of labour took place, the more ancient part of the labyrinth retaining its primitive function, while the new portion by degrees became differentiated into a specialised auditory organ serving for the analysis of sound Vibrations. The higher we pass in the Vertebrate series, the greater share does the mesoderm take in the formation of the auditory organ. At first—that is, in Fishes—the auditory capsule lies close to the surface, and is thus easily accessible to the waves of sound, which are conducted partly through the operculum (when present), and partly through the gill-cavities or spiracle. In the higher animals the auditory organ gradually sinks further and further inwards

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