. L'anatomie du système nerveux central de l'homme et des vertébrés en général. La neuroanatomie ; Système nerveux central. Le BEAIN DE MAMMIFÈRES ET L'OLFACTOET APPAEATUS. 311 De plus, le principal de cette commissnre ^^ortion du manteau qui n'appartient pas à l'appareil olfactif, le corps calleux, est aussi si petit qu'il occupe une partie relativement petite de la seule surface mésiale de l'hémisphère. En effet, dans certains monotrèmes et marsupiaux dans l'enquête jusqu'à un corps calleux est tout à fait désireux (Symington, JE. Smith). De même, la fibre-systèmes transmission de la

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. The anatomy of the central nervous system of man and of vertebrates in general. Neuroanatomy; Central Nervous System. THE BEAIN OF MAMMALS AND THE OLFACTOET APPAEATUS. 311 Moreover, the principal commissnre of that ^^ortion of the mantle which does not belong to the olfactory apparatus, the corpus callosum, is also so small that it occupies a relatively small portion only of the mesial surface of the hemisphere. Indeed, in some monotremes and in the marsupials hitherto investigated a corpus callosum is entirely wanting (Symington, JE. Smith). Likewise, the fiber-systems passing down from the mantle, especially those to the pons and the spinal cord, the fibers of the pes, are, in all verte- brates very much less developed than in man. For the most part the olfactory apparatus is much more powerfully developed than in man, but it may also atrophy very enormously, even degenerate to such an extent that it almost disappears, as in the aquatic mammals. Accordingly, mammals have been divided into osmatic and. Fig. 140.—Brain of armadillo: Dasypus villosus. (Basal view. anosmatic. The investigation of a very large series of animal brains shows that the olfactory apparatus and the pallium develop entirely independently of one another phylo genetic ally; that the one may atrophy, the other attain a higher degree of perfection; and vice versa. The greater perfection of the olfactory apparatus manifests itself not only in the more powerful develop- ment of the olfactory lobe and the olfactory region of the mantle, but also, on the other hand, in a very marked development of definite cell-groups and fibers belonging to this apparatus in other parts of the brain. The olfactory apparatus will, therefore, be considered, first of all, as a whole. Present in man, as relatively atrophied remnants only, it may be more easily studied in many other mammals. Illustrations are here presented of the base of the brain of a calf and of an armadillo. A large lobe is here seen which anteri

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