. L'apiculture ; une analyse de la vie de l'abeille et de la production de miel. Les abeilles ; le miel. Le système nerveux et les sens 171 dans un erlenmeyer (PorW) qui eue dans la paroi du corps chitineuses. Ces organes des sens ont protoplasme exposé à l'air extérieur, non recouverts de la chitine, alors que la plupart des autres organes qui ont été censés avoir la fonction olfactive sont recouverts d'une couche chitineuses. C'est particulièrement à noter dans les organes des sens des antennes et il est difficile de voir comment des odeurs peuvent être sup- posés pour pénétrer dans ces couches. La structure de l'appareil olfactif leurs pores

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. Beekeeping; a discussion of the life of the honeybee and of the production of honey. Bees; Honey. The Nervous System and the Senses 171 within a flask (PorW) which Ues in the chitinous body wall. These sense organs have protoplasm exposed to the outer air, not covered with chitin, while most of the other organs which have been supposed to have the olfactory function are covered with a chitinous layer. This is especially to be noted in the sense organs of the antennas and it is difficult to see how odors may be sup- posed to penetrate such layers. The structure of the olfactory pores therefore fits them for their olfactory function and Mclndoo has shown by experi- mental evidence that this is their office. He ^ has also found these olfactory organs in spiders and in other Hymenoptera. Admitting that these olfac- tory pores are the true organs of smell, we are still confronted with some difficulty in deciding what part responses to odor stimuli play in the behavior of bees. That bees are attracted by odor to honey during a dearth of nectar cannot be doubted. Similarly it is be- lieved that the recognition of hive-mates, the discovery of enemies and the reactions to- ward the queen are due to re- sponses to odors. A difficulty encountered in this field of investigation is that the human sense of smell is so inefficient that it is difficult to comprehend the responses observed, . Fig. 89. — Diagram of ventral view of worker, showing loca- tion of groups of olfactory pores. ' Mclndoo, N. E., 1911. The lyriform organs and tactile hairs of araneads. Proc. acad. nat. sc. Phila., LXIII, pp. 375-418. , 1914. The olfactory sense of Hymenoptera. Ibid., LXVI, pp. 294-341.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Phillips, Everett Franklin, 1878-1951. New York, The Macmillan company; London, Macmill

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