L'esclavage et le commerce des esclaves en Afrique . en tant que commandant du gouverneur de Tripoli. La descente du Congo à l'Atlan-62 tique en 1877 suggéra au roi Léopold la fondation d'un État. La conférence de Berlin a été la conséquence du succès du roi. La partition du sud-ouest de l'Afrique entre la France, le Portu-gal et la Belgique a inspiré les germanspour chercher des possessions territoriales dans le Darkcontinent, et le mouvement de Ger-Many a excité la Grande-Bretagne à agir, et donc l'attention du public a été moredétournée vers l'Afrique orientale. De la frontière abyssinienne jusqu'aux possessions portugaises, an

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Slavery and the slave trade in Africa . re commandof the Governor of Tripoli. The descent of the Congo to the Atlan- 62 tic in 1877 suggested to King Leopold thefoundation of a state. The Berlin Con-ference was a consequence of the successattained by the King. The partition ofSouthwest Africa among France, Portu-gal and Belgium inspired the Germansto seek territorial possessions in the DarkContinent, and the movement of Ger-many excited Great Britain to action, and thus public attention was once morediverted to eastern Africa. From the Abyssinian frontier as far asthe Portuguese possessions, and stretch-ing inland to a line which may roughlybe said to be about east longitude 30°, w7as an area covering about 1, 500, 000square miles which belonged to no pow-er. It was agreed that it should be divid-ed into three spheres of influence. TheGermans fixed upon the southernmost, the Italians upon the most northern; theBritish chose the central. Each powercontracted to confine its operations with-in its own sphere, and to proceed to or-. BOY SLAVE 63 ganize and administer it as opportunityoffered upon a civilized basis. There wasno intention to launch out into any en-terprise of conquest, but each power pro-posed to make its title good by renting orleasing tracts within its sphere from thenative princes or tribal chiefs, by makingtreaties with them for the sovereignty oftheir lands, in return for annual subsidiesand protection from violence, meanwhilebeing certain of immunity from all inter-ference or opposition from its neighbor. The Germans were the earliest to com-mence work. Through the agency of acompany they made a treaty with theSultan of Zanzibar for his long strip ofcoast land, undertaking to pay him a cer-tain sum per annum for the right of col-lecting the customs. But the imprudentconduct of the officers, their imperiousand peremptory manner of proceeding, impelled the Arabs to attempt to drivethem from the coast. At Kilwa, DarSalaam, Bagamoyo, and Saadani the of- 64 f

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