. L'histoire naturelle de Cambridge. Zoologie. 2l8 CRÂNE DE Eleplbas éléphant seul survit. Ce genre inclut également de nombreuses formes éteintes, américain et européen, ainsi que l'asiatique et africaine. Les genres sont tout à fait éteinte et Mastodcm Stegodon. Le groupe est clairement une diminution vers l'extermination. Depuis le Miocène moyen vers le bas ces grands pachydermes " " ont existé ; et de l'iliocene jusqu'au pléistocène fois ils étaient presque dans le monde entier et de nombreuses espèces de gamme. Le genre Elejjlias comprend habituellement de grande taille, mais à l'occasion (l'éléphant pygmée d'ilalta) assez s

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. The Cambridge natural history. Zoology. 2l8 SKULL OF ELEPHANT Eleplbas alone survives. This genus also includes many extinct forms, both American and European, as well as Asiatic and African. The entirely extinct genera are Stegodon and Mastodcm. The group is clearly one dwindling towards extermination. From the Middle Miocene downwards these great " pachyderms " have existed; and from the iliocene up to Pleistocene times they were almost world-wide in range and numerous in species. The genus Elejjlias comprises usually large, but occasionally (the pygmy Elephant of ilalta) quite small forms. The external features of the genus differ slightly in different species, and will therefore be described in relation to those species which we shall notice here. The vertebral formula is C 7, D 19-20, L 3-5, Sa 4-5, Ca 24-30, or even more. The bodies of the vertelirae are remarkable for their shortness and for the very flattened articular surfaces. The skull is large and massive. Its large and heavy character is, as has been stated in the definition of the sub-order, due to the. Fig. 116.—A section of the cranium of a full-grown African Elephant, taken to the left of the middle line, and including the voniei' {Vo) and the mesethnioid [ME) ; «», anterior, and j?;;, posterior narial aperture. x-j^^. (From Flower's Osieo^ot;?/.) immense development of air cavities in the diploe; the diameter of the wall of the skull is actually greater than that of the cranial ca'ity. These cavities are not obvious in the young animal. They are most conspicuous in the roofing bones of the skull, Ijut are seen elsewhere, and thicken the basis cranii, . Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Harmer, S. F. (Sidney Frederic), Sir, 1862- ed; Shipley, A. E. (Arthur Everett), Sir, 1861-1927. ed. [London, Macmi

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