. La biologie élémentaire, animale et humaine. La biologie. 158 Biologie Animale osmose et être transportées vers les cellules ' du corps. Lorsque les aliments digérés atteint les cellules, il peut être utilisé par le proto- plasma germinatif soit en faisant plus de matière vivante ou, comme nous allons le voir maintenant, pour la libération d'énergie. 115. La respiration et la production d'énergie. - Dans notre étude en laboratoire, nous avons observé les mouvements de l'écope et gill vit que cela a provoqué un courant d'eau pour entrer l'extrémité postérieure de la chambre gill et passent sur les branchies, ce qui porte l'oxy- gen pour les filaments (Fig. 111). Les vaisseaux sanguins à parois minces dans

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. Elementary biology, animal and human. Biology. 158 ANIMAL BIOLOGY osmosis and be carried to the cells ' of the body. When the digested food reaches the cells, it may be used by the proto- plasm either in making more living matter or, as we shall now see, for the release of energy. 115. Respiration and the production of energy. — In our laboratory study we watched the movements of the gill bailer and saw that it caused a current of water to enter the posterior end of the gill chamber and flow over the gills, thus bringing oxy- gen to the filaments (Fig. 111). The thin-walled blood vessels in the fila- ments absorb the oxygen, and the ^.„ , ^, blood then passes Fig. 111. — Gills of a crajmsn. i ii i on into other blood vessels, which carry it back to the heart, whence it is forced all over the body of the crayfish, and so the oxygen in the blood passes into the cells as does the food. Now what becomes of the oxygen ? As in plants (P. B., , 80), the oxygen unites with ele- ments in the foods and protoplasm of the cells and produces oxidation and liberation of energy, which gives the crayfish the power to contract its muscles and so push against the water with its abdomen and tail fin, thus propelling the animal backward, or to open its nippers and shut them and so se- cure food. In fact, all the work that the crayfish performs is made possible through the burning of its foods or proto- plasm by the oxygen; 1 We have shown in plant biology (41) that plants consist of cells which are largely composed of living matter known as protoplasm. This is also true of animals (126).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Peabody, James Edward, b. 1869; Hunt, Arthur Ellsworth, joint author. New York, The Macmillan company

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