. La cyclopaedia d'anatomie et physiologie. Anatomie ; physiologie ; Zoologie. MOTION 414. Le nombre d'articulations mobiles dans un squelette détermine le degré de sa mobilité à l'intérieur de lui-même ; et le type et le nombre de ces articulations des organes locomotive déterminer le nombre et la disposition de la loi sur les muscles- ment sur eux. Voir l'articulation. La force, la densité et l'élasticité de squelette externe de l'animal ont été mais très partiellement étudié ou fait un ob- jet de soit physiologique ou mécanique en- quiry, malgré leur grande importance dans l'économie animale ge

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. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 414 MOTION. The number of moveable articulations in a skeleton determines the degree of its mobility within itself; and the kind and number of these articulations of the locomotive organs determine the number and disposition of the muscles act- ing upon them. See ARTICULATION. The strength, density, and elasticity of the external skeleton of animals have been but very partially investigated or made an ob- ject of either physiological or mechanical en- quiry, notwithstanding their great importance in the animal economy generally, as well as their office in locomotion. A superficial inspection, however, is suffi- cient to detect that the shells of those animals which reside constantly at the bottom of the sea, as the Astrea triduina, Phombus, &c. are more dense, and contain a greater number of calca- reous laminae than those which swim or float, either by means of specific organs of progres- sion, such as the lanthina vulgaris, the Lymnae, and Hyalaea, or upon hydrostatic principles, as in the Nautilus, assisted, it is believed, by the siphon. Shells are formed with a design to resist the greatest external pressure, consistent with the least expenditure of materials, and with regard to the habits of the animal. The bones of vertebrated animals, especially those which are entirely terrestrial, are much more elastic, hard, and calculated by their chemical elements to bear the shocks and strains incident to terrestrial progression than those of the aquatic vertebrata; the bones of the latter being more fibrous and spongy in their texture, the skeleton is more soft and yielding. The bones of the higher orders of vertebrata, such as the Mammalia, which are designed to afford large surfaces for the attachment of their powerful muscles of locomotion, are constructed in such a manner as to combine lightness with strength; therefore their surfaces are convex ex- ternally, concave within, and strengt

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