. La diversité biologique des fonds marins et des écosystèmes - un rapport sur leur situation socio-économie, de la gestion et de la gouvernance. La diversité biologique du PNUE-WCMC, série 28. Les habitats, les écosystèmes et la biodiversité Encadré 1.1 : la biodiversité de la mer profonde : mésopélagiques horizontalement et verticalement la biodiversité englobe une espèce Inekton activement] distribué sur de vastes zones géographiques et de plancton (généralement de petits métazoaires, jelly fish et eucaryotes, ainsi que des organismes unicellulaires procaryotes] vivant à des profondeurs allant de 200 à 1 000 mètres. La biodiversité et la biomasse : bathypélagique vivant dans la colonne d'eau composé f

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. Deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystems - a scoping report on their socio-economy, management and governance. UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series 28. Habitats, ecosystems and biodiversity Box 1.1: Biodiversity of the deep sea Mesopelagic: Biodiversity includes horizontally and vertically actively swimming species Inekton] distributed over large geographic areas and plankton (typically small metazoans, jelly fish and eukaryotic, as well as prokaryotic single cell organisms] living at depths ranging from 200 to 1 000 metres. Bathypelagic: Biodiversity and biomass inhabiting the water column comprised from 1 000 to A 000 metres depth. Knowledge of biodiversity in the bathy- and abyssal pelagic zones is limited. Typical life forms include gelatinous animals, crustaceans and a variety of fish. Benthic Species on the seabed [epibenthic] and in sediments (endobenthic] are abundant, although not evenly distributed. Complex, 3-dimensional habitats such as seamounts have often a high species richness and a high degree of endemism. Emphasis on the levels of benthic biodiversity, especially in sediments, cannot be overrated since estimates show close to 98 per cent of known marine species live in this environment. Microbial life can extend kilometres into the sea- floor (deep biosphere]. parameters on depth (see Box 1.1). In this report we mainly (although not exclusively] focus on deep seabed and benthic biodiversity and ecosystems. Although, in recent years, knowledge about biodiversity in the deep-sea water column has started to increase (Nouvian, 2007; Koslow, 2007] there are still a number of mysteries and myths surrounding deep-sea life. The deep sea was regarded as a vast, desert- like expanse void of life, until the first research expeditions in the mid 19th century proved otherwise (Koslow, 2007]. Deep- sea organisms were believed to live in very stable conditions with very little environmental change, relying completely on food sinking down from surface waters. However, we n

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