. Le développement de l'organisme humain : un manuel des droits de l'embryologie. L'embryologie ; embryon, Non-Mammalian. Développement de l'articulation sterno-claviculaire 189, l'ensemble de la partie centrale du mésenchyme intermédiaire ne dégénère pas, mais c'est transformé en un fibro-cartilage, entre chaque surface de qui et l'os adjacent il y a une cavité. Ces cartilages interarticular semblent, dans le sterno-claviculaire, articulations, pour représenter les extrémités du sternum d'un os existant dans les vertébrés inférieurs et connu comme le precoracoid, mais il semble douteux que ceux de l'articulation temporo-mandibulaire et du genou-. Fig. 11

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. The development of the human body : a manual of human embryology. Embryology; Embryo, Non-Mammalian. DEVELOPMENT OF THE JOINTS 189 sternoclavicular, the whole of the central portions of the inter- mediate mesenchyme does not degenerate, but it is converted into a fibro-cartilage, between each surface of which and the adjacent bone there is a cavity. These interarticular cartilages seem, in the sterno-clavicular joints, to represent the sternal ends of a bone existing in lower vertebrates and known as the precoracoid, but it seems doubtful if those of the temporo-mandibular and knee-. Fig. 116.—Longitudinal Section through the Joint oe the Great Toe in an Embryo of 4.5 cm. c, Articular capsule; i, intermediate mesenchyme which has almost disappeared in the center; p1 and p2, cartilages of the first and second phalanges.—(Nicholas.) joints have a similar significance, the most recent observations on their development tending to derive them from the intermediate mesenchyme. From their mode of development it is evident that the cavities of diarthrodial joints are completely closed and their walls, except where they are formed by cartilage, are lined by a continuous layer of synovial cells. Ligaments or tendons, which, at first sight, appear to traverse the cavities of certain joints, are in reality excluded from them, being lined by a sheath of synovial cells continuous with the layer fining the general cavity. Thus, the tendon of the long head of the biceps, which seems to traverse the shoulder-joint is, in the fetus, entirely outside the articular capsule, upon which it rests. Later it sinks in toward the joint cavity, pushing the articular capsule before it, so that it lies at first in a groove in the capsule, which later on becomes converted into a canal and, finally, separates from the rest of the capsule except at its two extremities, . Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability -

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