Le livre pratique de l'art et artisanat . rpenter, et Caleb Pusey, à Chester, Pennsylvanie, 1699. Collection de la Société historique de Pennsylvanie. vrilles, ou d'autres ornements qui ornait le stock, elle pas inhabituel pour le pic à supporter un appropriatedevice-comme, par exemple, que la tiare sur la girouette ofChrist Church, Philadelphie, ou les oiseaux héraldique sur-montage des pales sur les tourelles de Mulberry Château,en Caroline du Sud. Dans l'aérien lui-même les initiales du maître de la maison ou de la date de sa construction ont été souvent 61 TRAVAIL décorative en métal percé : témoin de la girouette à Gra

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The practical book of early American arts and crafts . rpenter, and Caleb Pusey, at Chester, Pennsylvania, 1699. Collection of Pennsylvania Historical Society. tendrils, or other ornaments that graced the stock, itwas not unusual for the peak to bear an appropriatedevice—such, for instance, as the mitre on the vane ofChrist Church, Philadelphia, or the heraldic birds sur-mounting the vanes on the turrets of Mulberry Castle, in South Carolina. In the vane itself the initials ofthe master of the house or the date of its building were DECORATIVE METAL WORK 61 often pierced: witness the vane at Graeme Park, Hor-sham, Pennsylvania (see Colonial Homes of Phila-delphia and Its Neighbourhood, Eberlein and Lip-pinoott), or the vane from Samuel Carpenters millshown in the illustration (Fig, 2). Then, again, thevane was not infrequently so cut that the pattern ofsome beast, bird, or fish would be silhouetted againstthe sky. Oftentimes the vanes and the stocks sup-porting them, as well as any accompanying metalembellishments, were gilded or painted.. Fig. 3. Wafer Irons. Frishmuth collection, Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art. Tie irons, used to brace the ends of beams and pullthe masonry of walls in toward them, were the subjectsof decorative effort in many cases. Occasionally theywere shaped to form figures indicating the date of abuUdings erection or the initials of the owner. Then, . again, they were sometimes made in fanciful devices. Domestic Utility Ieonwobk. Among the articles in-cluded under the above category were numbered wafer 62 EARLY AMERICAN ARTS AND CRAPTS irons (Fig. 3), waffle irons, trivets, gridirons, lamps, tongs, shovels, andirons, and other cooking utensils orfireplace paraphernalia. The wafer irons are exceptionally rich in interestingdesign. The flat inner surfaces which came in contactwith the wafer were fashioned with a great variety ofdesigns, often exceedingly elaborate in character(Fig. 3). These designs were reproduced in relief onth

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