Le Nord-Ouest sous trois drapeaux, 1635-1796 . iest Sagard que au-delà de la Mer douce (lac Huron) il y avait un autre et un plus grand lac, qui se décharge dans le plus bas par rapides de deux milles large, Appelé les chutes de Gaston;2 et que de la Mer douce à l'extrémité plus éloignée du lac de thésgrand était quatre cents ligues.3 de plus, Bruleshowed à Sagard une lingot de cuivre, Ce qui, dit-il, est venu d'un dépôt de ce métal quelque quatre-vingt ou cent ligues du pays des Hurons.Brule n'a pas professe d'avoir trouvé ce cuivre, a dit-il obtenu de voisins des Hurons, quand h

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The Northwest under three flags, 1635-1796 . iest Sagard that beyond the Mer Douce(Lake Huron) there was another and a greater lake, which discharges itself into the lower one by rapidsnearly two miles broad, called the Falls of Gaston;2and that from the Mer Douce to the farther end of thegreat lake was four hundred leagues.3 Moreover, Bruleshowed to Sagard an ingot of copper, which, he said, came from a deposit of that metal some eighty or onehundred leagues from the country of the Hurons.Brule did not profess to have found this copper, butsaid he obtained it from neighbors of the Hurons, whenhe and his companion Grenolle were on their travels.4Whatever may be Brules claims as a discoverer in 1 Pioneers of France in the New World, p. 388, 377-380.* Named for a brother of Louis XIII. 3 French estimates of distances almost invariably sire exaggerated. 4 Sagard, IJistoire du Canada. Paris edition, 1865, vol. iii., p. 717.See also Narrative and Critical History of America, vol. iv., p. 165 ;and Winsors Cartier to Frontenac, p. 123. 2. JAQUES CARTIEH THE FRENCH OCCUPY THE NORTHWEST the Northwest, we know that, during the same }ear(1618) that he returned from his wanderings, there land-ed at Quebec the son of a Normandy letter-carrier whowas destined to traverse western seas where no whiteman had been before him and where none came afterhim for a quarter of a century, Jean Nicolet, a nativeof Cherbourg, was, like Brule, a protege of Champlain.Following the custom of the time, the youth was sentto Allumette Island in the Ottawa, there to study Ind-ian languages and thus prepare himself for the workof an interpreter.1 For sixteen years Nicolet servedhis apprenticeship among the Jesuit missions in theHuron country ; and during the years (1629-32) thatQuebec was temporarily in possession of the British, he was sojourning at Lake Nipissing, where his happydisposition, his excellent memor}^, and his profoundlyreligious nature all combined to establish for him awide-spread influen

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