Les Andes du sud du Pérou, le long de la reconnaissance géographique soixante-troisième méridien . uquibambilla sur le côté opposé de la Cordillère Vilcapampa. Le deeplyweathered micaschistes fissile est de Pasaje (voir annexe C pour toutes locations) sont également recouvertes en discordance par conglomerateand de grès d'âge carbonifère. Tandis que les schistes con-siderably varient en apparence lithologiques et aussi dans la structure, ils le areeverywhere les roches les plus faibles de la série et peut en toute confiance 1 Pour une liste des fossiles qui constituent la base de la détermination de l'âge dans thischapter PHYSIOG voir l'annexe B.

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The Andes of southern Peru, geographical reconnaissance along the seventy-third meridian . uquibambilla onthe opposite side of the Cordillera Vilcapampa. The deeplyweathered fissile mica schists east of Pasaje (see Appendix C forall locations) are also unconformably overlain by conglomerateand sandstone of Carboniferous age. While the schists vary con-siderably in lithological appearance and also in structure, they areeverywhere the lowest rocks in the series and may with confidence 1 For a list of the fossils that form the basis of the age determinations in thischapter see Appendix B. PHYSIOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGIC DEVELOPMENT 237 be referred to the early Palaeozoic, while some of them may datefrom the Proteriozoic. The Silurian beds are composed of shale, sandstone, shalysandstone, limestone, and slate with some slaty schist, amongwhich the shales are predominent and the limestones least impor-tant. Near their contact with the granite the slate series is com-posed of alternating beds of sandstone and shale arranged inbeds from one to three feet thick. At Santa Ana they become. 3 Granite Schist 3 Sandstone Basalt Porphyry Fig. 15S—Geologic sketch map of the lower Urubamba Valley. A single traversewas made along the valley, hence the boundaries are not accurate in detail. They weresketched in along a few lateral traverses and also inferred from the topography.The country rock is schist and the granite intruded in it is an arm of the maingranite mass that constitutes the axis of the Cordillera Vilcapampa. The structureand to some degree the extent of the sandstone on the left are represented in Figs.141 and 142. more fissile and slaty in character and in several places are quar-ried and used for roofing. At Eosalina they consist of almostuniform beds of shale so soft and so minutely and thoroughlyjointed as to weather easily. Under prolonged erosion they have, therefore, given rise to a well-rounded and soft-featured land-scape. Farther down the Urubamba Valley they aga

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