. Les droits de l'embryologie et de morphologie. L'embryologie, l'homme ; la morphologie. 152 L'embryologie humaine et morphologie. lieu. L'articulation atlanto-occipitale, qui sépare l'atlas et de l'occipital dernier segment est de la même nature. L'atlas n'a ni les majuscules, ni le processus articulaire inférieure des autres vertèbres. D'où le 1er et 2e nerfs semblent question derrière le processus articulaire. En même temps la seule -médian occip. -Artic. -1er arc neural -artic. 2e arc neural -artic. 3e arc neural -3rdcentrum Fig. 122.-La nature de l'articulation atlanto-occipitale axio-occipital articulation.

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. Human embryology and morphology. Embryology, Human; Morphology. 152 HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY. take place. The atlanto-occipital joint, which separates the atlas and the last occipital segment is of the same nature. The atlas has neither the upper nor the lower articular processes of the other vertebrae. Hence the 1st and 2nd cervical nerves appear to issue behind the articular processes. At one time the single median -occip. -artic. -1st neural arch -artic. ~2nd neural arch -artic. ~3rd neural arch -3rdcentrum Fig. 122.—The nature of the Atlanto-axio-occipital Articulations. occipital condyle seen in birds and reptiles was regarded as very different in nature from the double condyles of mammals. Recently Symington has shown that in the lowest mammals (monotremes), the occipital condyles are fused in the middle line, and that foetal mammals show approximations to this condition. In the human skull a remnant of this median fusion of the condyles is frequently seen on the anterior margin of the foramen magnum; it is named the third or median occipital condyle. Sometimes the atlas is partly fused with or imperfectly separated from the occipital bone. This seems to be a further manifestation of the process which has led to four segments, which were at one time free body segments, being fused together to form the occipital part of the skull. The Eibs are developed in the septa between the dorsal primitive segments. At their vertebral ends they come in contact with the vertebral bow (Fig. 118 B). In lower vertebrates (birds, reptiles, etc.) each rib has two heads, a dorsal and ventral (Fig. 123). The tuberosity of the human rib represents the dorsal head; the ventral head is well developed in man, as in mammals generally. The rib articulates with the neural arches only (Fig. 119 D). Vestigial Ribs.—Although the ribs are only fully developed in the dorsal region, yet a representative—a costal element—is. Please note that these images are extracted from scan

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