. Les insectes nuisibles pour les fruits. Illustré de quatre cent quarante coupes de bois. Les insectes nuisibles. 84 LES INSECTES NUISIBLES À L'APPLE. le même temps en libérant une odeur désagréable, qui est le doute- moins utilisée comme moyen de défense contre ses ennemis. De chaque côté du troisième segment est un œil-comme spot, près de^ ovale jaune, fermée par un anneau de bJack, centré avec un petit point bleu allongées, qui est également définie dans le noir. Sur la partie du quatrième segment est un autre pli jaune soulevé, bordé de noir velouté avec de riches ; ce dernier est visible uniquement lorsque la larve est en mouvement. Sur le long terme

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. Insects injurious to fruits. Illustrated with four hundred and forty wood-cuts. Insect pests. 84 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE. the same time giving off a disagreeable odor, which is doubt- less used as a means of defence against its enemies. On each side of the third segment is an eye-like spot, nearly oval^ yellow, enclosed by a ring of bJack, centred with a small elongated blue dot, which is also set in black. On the hinder portion of the fourth segment is another raised yellow fold, bordered behind with rich velvety black; the latter is seen only when the larva is in motion. On the terminal segment there is a similar fold, flattened above, with a slight protu- berance on each side. On the fifth segment are two blue dots, one on each side, and there are traces on the hinder segments of similar dots, arranged in longitudinal rows. The under surface is paler than the upper, with a whitish bloom. When the caterpillar is about to change to a chrysalis^ which is usually during the early part of August, the color of the body grows gradually darker, until it becomes dark reddish brown, with the sides nearly black, and the blue dots become much more distinct. Having selected a suitable spot in which to pass the chrysalis state, it spins a web of silk, into which the hooks on the hind legs are firmly fastened f then, having prepared and stretched across a silken band or loop to support its body in the middle, it casts its larval skin^ and remains a dull-brown chrysalis, of the Fig. 82. form shown in Fig. 82, until the following spring. This insect is very widely distributed, , being found in nearly all parts of the United States and Canada. The caterpil- lar feeds on a number of different trees, but chiefly affects the apple, cherry, thorn, and basswood. As it is always solitary in its habits, it is never likely to cause much injury. South of Pennsylvania the female of this species of butterfly usually loses its yellow color and becomes nearly black, while the other s

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