. Les utilisations médicales et chirurgicales de l'électricité. . consistent en moles électriques, qui ont une zone équatoriale positive et deux polarzones négatives, dont les axes sont parallèles les uns aux autres, c'est-à-dire deux molécules makeone molécule. C'est ce que l'on appelle l'arrangement péri-polaire. Dans un aimant, chaque molécule individuelle manifeste les mêmes phénomènes que l'entiréaimant : chaque molécule est en effet un aimant en miniature. De la même manière, chaque molécule du nerf ou du muscle manifeste les mêmes phénomènes que les ANELECTROTONOS ET CATELECTROTONOS. 89 nerf ou muscle entier. Ces molécules péri-polaires sont fermées b
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. The medical and surgical uses of electricity. . consist of electric mole-cules, which have one positive equatorial zone and two negative polarzones, whose axes are parallel to each other, that is, two molecules makeone molecule. This is called the peri-polar arrangement. In a magnet, each individual molecule manifests the same phenomena as the entiremagnet: each molecule is indeed a magnet in miniature. In like manner, each molecule of the nerve or muscle manifests the same phenomena as the ANELECTROTONOS AND CATELECTROTONOS. 89 entire nerve or muscle. These peri-polar molecules are enclosed by amoist covering. Du Bois-Reymond further supposes that each peri-polar molecule maybe divided into a group of di-polar molecules—where the positive hemi-spheres are turned toward each other—without changing their electricproperties. This is called the di-polar arrangement. If a number of suchmolecules are brought under the influence of a galvanic current, their posi-tive zones will turn toward the negative pole, and the negative toward the. Fig. 38.- - Peri-polar Arrangement of Electro-Motor Molecules. L S, Longitudinal section;T S, transverse section ; P, parelectronomic layer. positive; one of the molecules (3) turning 180^ on its axis. The arrange-ment will be as above. From its resemblance to the voltaic pile it iscalled the pile-like arrangement. This pile-like arrangement of the molecules not only takes place be-tween the electrodes, but also beyond them into the extra-polar region. Du Bois-Reymond has illustrated these phenomena on molecules madeof zinc and copper. From these experiments Du Bois-Reymond concluded, first, that thenerve is always in the condition of a closed circuit, since electric currentsare produced by the connection of layers surrounding the molecules withtheir molecules; and secondly, that the current obtained from an animal, asindicated by the galvanometer, is only a small portion of the entire current. The galvanic current that produces the el
