. Mieux les fruits. La culture de fruits. La page 8 Avril, 1922 fruits mieux la maladie, ses causes et le traitement, des racines, du collet ou nodule noir qui affectent tous les fruits et les écrous et même les pommes et les poires, semblent être originaires d'un grand nombre de nos sols. Il existe de nombreux cas de la galle du collet dans les pépinières d'arbres sur des terres où n'ont jamais été cultivé auparavant. Pas de garderie sur la côte peut se vanter d'avoir jamais eu un arbre noueux, qu'aucun arbre endommagé est sciemment autorisé à sortir pour la plantation. Le nodule noir sur la vigne est dit être de la même espèce de bactérie qui produit des tumeurs sur peache

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. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. Page Eight BETTER FRUIT April, 1922 Crown Gall, Its Causes and Cure ROOT knot, crown gall, or black knot that affect all stone fruits and nuts and even apples and pears, seem to be native to many of our soils. There are numerous instances of crown gall in nurseries on land where tree have never been grown before. No nursery on the coast can boast of having never had a knotted tree, though no affected tree is knowingly permitted to go out for planting. The black knot on the vine is said to be the work of the same species of bacterium that produces tumors on peaches, almonds, etc., and is found all over the world, on many kinds of trees, bushes, vines and plants. In vineyards the aerial form is not infrequently found growing on one-year wood, and this is attributed to injury from early frosts and the. infection entering the cracked bark. On trees, as every one knows, the galls that we have learned to dread are those that occur near the surface of the ground, or on the main roots near the surface. In an excellent discussion of the disease in the Sunszveet Standard, M. A. Benjamin tells how to go about curing it. The grower should dig down around his trees where conditions of growth indicate trouble, look- ing for root-knot just in the same way as he does for borers. It is only on the crown or the main roots that work is applied —don't bother about any knots that may be on roots aw.iy from, the tree. When gall or root-knot is found, cut it out with a chisel or gouge, cutting down in the center till a concave is formed, because it seems to go down to a core like a corn. After having been thoroughy cut out clean and the chips cleared away, the wound is disinfected with a strong creosote and then painted with a good stiff roofing paint. The aerial form, that is galls ap- pearing on the trunk or on the branches above the ground—are always easily des- troyed, but the others need more attention later in case of reinfection. Those trees whose

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