. Oiseau-vie : un guide pour l'étude de nos oiseaux communs. Le sol, d'une perchaude, de l'air, etc.; saison de chant). 8. Notes d'appel (de surprise, d'alarme, de protestation, d'avertissement, de signalisation, etc.). 9. Saison (printemps, automne, été, hiver, avec des temps de ar- rival et de départ, et des variations de nombre de membres). 10. Nourriture (baies, insectes, graines, etc.; comment sécurisé). 11. Accouplement (habitudes pendant la cour). 12. Nidification (choix du site, du matériau, de la construction, des oeufs, de l'incu- bation). 13. Les jeunes (nourriture et soins, temps dans le nid, notes, vol d'actions). D'observations de ce genre, consistant en un simplestateme

• Contributeur: Reading Room 2020 / Alamy Banque D'Images
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. Bird-life : a guide to the study of our common birds . the ground, from a perch, inthe air, etc.; season of song). 8. Call-notes (of surprise, alarm, protest, warning, signaling, etc.). 9. Season (spring, fall, summer, winter, with times of ar- rival and departure, and variations in num-bers). 10. Food (berries, insects, seeds, etc.; how secured). 11. Mating (habits during courtship). 12. Nesting (choice of site, material, construction, eggs, incu- bation). 13. The Young (food and care of, time in the nest, notes, actions flight). From observations of this kind, consisting of a simplestatement of facts, you may philosophize according toyour nature on the relation between habit and structure, colors and haunts, anl intehigont adaptation to new con-ditions. Beware, however, lest you be led to draw faultyconclusions from insufficient observation. Do not makethe individual stand for its speeies, or the species for itsfamily, and remember that one is warranted in theorizingonly when the facts in the case are facts indeed. TOPOGHAPHY OF A BIKD.. CHAPTER YIII.A FIELD KEY TO OUR COMMON LAND BIRDS. When you have seen a bird with sufficient definite-ness to describe its color, form, and actions, reference tothe following key will often prove a short cut to itsidentity. This key is based only on adult males, who, because of their song, often brighter colors, and greateractivity, are far more frequently observed than thefemales. But, knowing the male, you will rarely, duringthe nesting season, be at loss to recognize his mate. In order to simplify the key, the water birds, Hawks, and Owls are omitted, in the belief that they will bemore readily identified by reference to the plates. The use of the key may be illustrated by the follow-ing example: Let us imagine that you see a ChippingSparrow (Plate JLLY) feeding about your doorstep.You note his size, chestnut cap bordered by white, blackbill, brownish, streaked back, and grayish white, un-marked under parts. Turning now to the k

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