. Oiseaux utiles et leur protection. Contenant de brèves descriptions des espèces les plus courantes et les plus utiles du Massachusetts, avec des comptes rendus de leurs habitudes alimentaires, et un chapitre sur les moyens d'attirer et de protéger les oiseaux . n l'hiver de 1903-04, qui était excessivement froid, les pics ont été compactés pour travailler sur les membres secs et les encerails, les pieux de bois, Et tout schéma sec. 117.—pic poilu, mâle, bois qu'ils pouvaient trouver. Ils ont environ la moitié de la taille naturelle. , je i. je ne disdain pas pour les aider eux-mêmes à gaspiller de la viande, de la graisse, ou du suet en hiver. Le pic de Hairy est moins commun que le Downy, mais indi

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. Useful birds and their protection. Containing brief descriptions of the more common and useful species of Massachusetts, with accounts of their food habits, and a chapter on the means of attracting and protecting birds . n the winter of 1903-04, whichwas exceedingly cold, theWoodpeckers were compelledto work on dry limbs and fencerails, wood piles, and any dryFig. 117.—Hairy Woodpecker, male, timber they could find. They about one-half natural size. , i i. i . do not disdain to help them-selves to waste meat, fat, or suet in winter. The Hairy Woodpecker is less common than the Downy, but individually is about as useful. Its sharp, clicking notesmuch resemble those of its smaller congener, but they arestronger, and have a wilder sound. The bird maybe easilyrecognized by its large size and its vigorous, rapid move-ments. Like all Woodpeckers, its flight is rather undulat-ing, as though, by reason of its excess of vigor, it could nothelp leaping and bounding through the air. It is usuallyshyer than the Downy, and is found more in timber landsthan in orchards ; but becomes tamer where it is not molestedby man, and sometimes breeds in the orchard. Maurice Thompson says that this bird strikes its bill into. SONGLESS BIRDS OF ORCHARD AND WOODLAND. 259 the wood and then for an instant holds the point of onemandible in the dent thus made, while it listens for themovements of the borer. He contends that the vibrationsproduced by the insect in the wood are conveyed throughthe bill of the bird to its brain. This bird eats less animal food in proportion to its vege-table food than does the Downy Woodpecker; and accord-ing to Professor Beal it eats more beetles, more caterpillars, and less ants, than does its smaller relative. Beetles andtheir larvae form fully one-third of its insect food, and a largepart of these consists of the larger wood-boring insects. Itsspecial usefulness inheres in its large size, its long beak andtongue, and its power of drilling deep into the trees a

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