. Pathologie chirurgicale générale et thérapeutique, en cinquante conférences : un manuel pour les étudiants et les médecins. La circulation collatérale directe est établie; c'est-à-dire qu'il existe des navires fortement développés, Qui passent de l'extrémité centrale de la thérotère directement à l'extrémité périphérique. Ces vaisseaux unifiant sont principalement le vasa vasorum dilaté, et les vaisseaux du thrombus; il se peut que l'un de ces vaisseaux unifiant soit di-tard, au point d'acquérir l'apparence d'être simplement régénéré par le thétrunk. 2. Il y a un col-latéral indirect circula

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. General surgical pathology and therapeutics, in fifty lectures : a textbook for students and physicians. ollowing, as the types of collateral circula-tion : 1. Direct collateral circulation is established; i. e., there arestrongly-developed vessels, which pass from the central end of theartery directly to the peripheral end. These uniting vessels arechiefly the dilated vasa vasorum, and the vessels of the thrombus;it might happen that one ofthese uniting vessels should di-late so much as to acquire theappearance of being simply thetrunk regenerated. 2. There is an indirect col-lateral circulation; i. e., theconnecting branches of the nextlateral arteries are greatly di-lated, as in the following case, Fig. 33. The most striking examplesof both varieties of collateralcirculation have here been cho-sen ; but when you examine thenumerous sketches of Porta, and yourselves repeat these ex-periments, you will find that inmost cases direct and indirectcollateral circulation are com-bined, so the only value of theclassification is to group thedifferent forms in some way. It is an excellent anatomi-. Femoral artery of a large dog, injected 3 monthsafter ligation. After Porta. 118 SIMPLE INCISED WOUNDS OF THE SOFT PAKTS. cal exercise, to represent for yourselves how, after ligation of thedifferent arteries of one or both extremities, or of the trunk, theblood will reach the parts beyond the point of ligation ; in this youwould be well assisted by the plates of arterial anastomosis in JSrauseatext-book of anatomy. In the surgery of old Conrad Martin Lan-genhecJc, these conditions are carefully described in the chapter onaneurisms. The reversal of the blood-current, which not unfrequentlytakes place in these collateral circulations, occurs with wonderfulrapidity, when the anastomoses are free; if, for instance, we ligate thecommon carotid in a man, and then divide the artery beyond the liga-ture, the blood escapes with great force from the peripheral end, thatis, backward as fro

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