3652 x 4613 px | 30,9 x 39,1 cm | 12,2 x 15,4 inches | 300dpi
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Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, 8th Earl of Argyll, chief of Clan Campbell, (1607 – 27 May 1661) was the de facto head of government in Scotland during most of the conflict known as the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. He was the most influential figure in the Covenanter movement that fought for the Presbyterian religion and what they saw as Scottish interests during the English Civil War of the 1640s and 1650s. He was eldest son of Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll, by his first wife Agnes Douglas, daughter of William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton, and was educated at St Andrews University, where he matriculated on 15 January 1622. He had early in life, as Lord Lorne, been entrusted with the possession of the Argyll estates when his father renounced Protestantism and took arms for Philip III of Spain; and he exercised over his clan an authority almost absolute, disposing of a force of 20, 000 retainers, being, according to Baillie, by far the most powerful subject in the kingdom. [edit] In the Covenanter movement On the outbreak of the religious dispute between the king and Scotland in 1637, his support was eagerly sought by Charles I. He was made a privy councillor in 1628. In 1638, the king summoned him, together with Traquair and Roxburgh, to London, but he refused to be won over, warned Charles against his despotic ecclesiastical policy, and showed great hostility towards William Laud. In consequence, a secret commission was given to the Earl of Antrim to invade Argyll and stir up the MacDonalds against him. Argyll, who inherited the title at the death of his father in 1638, originally had no preference for Presbyterianism, but now definitely took the side of the Covenanters in defence of national religion and liberties. He continued to attend the meetings of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland after its dissolution by the Marquess of Hamilton, when Episcopacy was abolished.
