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Bain News Service photo of Villa (at the X), Calixto Contreras (4th from left) and Fidel Avila (3rd from right), at Hacienda de Bustillos, Chihuahua, 1911. JosÌ© Doroteo Arango ArÌÁmbula (June 5, 1878 - July 20, 1923) was one of the most prominent Mexican Revolutionary generals. As commander of the DivisiÌ_n del Norte (Division of the North), he was the veritable caudillo of the northern Mexican state of Chihuahua, which, given its size, mineral wealth, and proximity to the United States of America, provided him with extensive resources. After his famous raid on Columbus, New Mexico, in 1916, U.S. Army General John J. Pershing tried unsuccessfully to capture Villa in a 9 month pursuit that ended when the United States entered into WWI and Pershing was called back. Villa retired in 1920 and was given a large estate, which he turned into a colony for his former soldiers. In 1923, he became involved once again in Mexican politics and as a result was assassinated at the age of 45. Today his memory is honored by Mexicans and numerous streets and neighborhoods in Mexico are named in his honor.
