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Pythagoras of Samos (570 - 495 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism. He made influential contributions to philosophy and religion and is often revered as a great mathematician, mystic, and scientist. He is best known for the Pythagorean theorem in geometry that states that in a right-angled triangle the area of the square on the hypotenuse, the side opposite the right angle, is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares of the other two sides. Many of the accomplishments credited to Pythagoras may actually have been accomplishments of his colleagues and successors. Whether or not his disciples believed that everything was related to mathematics and that numbers were the ultimate reality is unknown. It was said that he was the first man to call himself a philosopher, or lover of wisdom, and Pythagorean ideas exercised a marked influence on Plato, and through him, all of Western philosophy. No texts by Pythagoras are known to have survived. He is said to have died in Metapontum.
