Thomas d'Aquin (28 janvier 1225 - 7 mars, 1274) était un moine dominicain et de prêtre et d'un philosophe et théologien dans la tradition de la scolastique, dans lequel il est appelé également le « docteur Angelicus' et 'Ddocteur Communis'. Il
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Thomas Aquinas (January 28, 1225 - March 7, 1274) was an Italian Dominican friar and priest and an influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of scholasticism, within which he is also known as the "Doctor Angelicus" and "Doctor Communis". He was the foremost classical proponent of natural theology, and the father of Thomism. His influence on Western thought is considerable, and much of modern philosophy was conceived in development or opposition of his ideas, particularly in the areas of ethics, natural law, metaphysics, and political theory. He embraced several ideas put forward by Aristotle and attempted to synthesize Aristotelian philosophy with the principles of Christianity. The works for which he is best known are the Summa Theologica and the Summa contra Gentiles. Thomas is honored as a saint by the Catholic Church and is held to be the model teacher for those studying for the priesthood, and indeed the highest expression of both natural reason and speculative theology. As a Doctor of the Church, Thomas is considered the Church's greatest theologian and philosopher. He died in 1274 while giving commentary on the Song of Songs. Illustration from Vies Des Savants Illustrates, Savants Du Moyen-Age by Louis Figuier, 1883.
