Sucre, canne et betterave: Une leçon d'objet . leLubbock a fait un discours le plus convaincant, et a été sowell soutenu, non seulement par Sir Thomas Sutherland et par le Président, Lord Avebury, mais aussi par des délégués coloniaux distingués, que la résolution a été adoptée à une large majorité. C'était exactement ce que voulait le gouvernement.des mesures Immédiates ont été prises pour appeler une nouvelle conférence, qui s'est finalement réunie à Bruxelles au cours de l'hiver 1901.Cette conférence était une grande affaire et la délégation fbreign savait que le gouvernement britannique – pour la première fois – signifiait des affaires. Il a exigé une très grande table pour accom-Mo

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Sugar, cane and beet: an object lesson . leLubbock made a most convincing speech, and was sowell backed up, not only by Sir Thomas Sutherland andby the President, Lord Avebury, but also by manydistinguished Colonial delegates, that the resolutionwas carried by a large majority. This was exactly what the Government wanted.Immediate steps were taken to call a fresh Conference, which eventually met in Brussels in the winter of 1901.This Conference was a big affair and the fbreign delegatesknew that the British Government—for the first time—meant business. It required a very large table to accom-modate delegates representing Belgium, Austria, Hun-gary, Germany, France, Spain, Great Britain, Italy, Holland, Roumania and Sweden. This Conference had to deal not only with thoseabuses which were rampant in 1898 but also with a newmethod of carrying out, on a still larger scale, theprocess of exterminating all unaided competitors. Themanufacturers in Germany and Austria had taken aleaf out of the Russian book and developed a new way. 124 SUGAR of fighting the French. The industry in each countryformed what is called a Cartel. They were so similar, and their results so identical that it will be sufficient todescribe, very briefly, the German Cartel. The consump-tion duty, that is, the duty actually paid by the con-sumer, was 10s. per cwt. ; but the import duty, that is, the duty which anyone outside would have to pay inorder to enter into the competition, was 20s. per cwt.—just double. The surtax on imports was, therefore, 10s.per cwt. and, within the limit of that large amount, thehome producer could raise his price to the consumerwithout fear of outside competition. But to effect thisit was necessary that the whole industry should com-bine. They did so, and bound themselves down undersevere penalties to adhere to the arrangement. Therefiners were to raise the price to the consumer and topay the raw sugar producers a fixed share of the resultingprofit. The practical outcome

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