. Texte livre de zoologie des vertébrés. Les vertébrés ; anatomie, comparatif. 138 MORPHOLOGIE DES ORGANES DE VERTÉBRÉS. Cela passe entre les extrémités de la dorsale des processus neuronaux il devient converti en cartilage, donnant ainsi naissance à un élément (apophyse épineuse ou épine neurale), qui, ensemble. Fig. 144. Cinquième à septième vertèbres caudales de Perameles gunni. k, harnal arch ; n, les processus neuronaux ; /, les apophyses transverses. avec les deux processus neuronaux, forment un arc neural entourant et protégeant la moelle épinière. Dans la région caudale de l'ichthy- opsida et certaines formes supérieures, le vert

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. Text book of vertebrate zoology. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative. 138 MORPHOLOGY OF THE ORGANS OF VERTEBRATES. this passes between the dorsal ends of the neural processes it becomes converted into cartilage, thus giving rise to an addi- tional element (spinous process or neural spine), which, together. Fig. 144. Fifth to seventh caudal vertebrae of Perameles gunni. k, harnal arch; n, neural processes; /, transverse processes. with the two neural processes, form a neural arch enclosing and protecting the spinal cord. In the caudal region of the ichthy- opsida and some higher forms, the vertebra is completed below by a simOar haemal arch, which encloses the caudal artery and vein. This arch is composed of a pair of hae- mal processes (haemapophyses) and a haemal spine. These various parts of the vertebrae arise separately ; but they exhibit in recent forms a tendency to fuse together in the adult, the fusion being most complete in the higher groups. The vertebras are laid down at an early stage in development, and their number is not subsequently increased. Increase in length of body is therefore accomplished by longitudinal growth of the centra of the vertebrae. In the fishes additions are made, as it were, in layers, on the circumference of the cen- trum first formed, each new layer being slightly longer than its predecessor. As a result the centrum becomes concave on either end, — is am- phicoelous. The parts of the centrum first formed prevent any farther increase of the notochord in the intravertebral regions; but intervertebrally it expands, filling up the cavities between the successive vertebrae, and thus assuming the appear-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Kingsley, J. S. (John Sterling), 1854-1929. New York, H. Holt and Company

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