Traité élémentaire sur les batteries électriques . étreeding un, en remplaçant peroxidede manganèse pour le peroxyde de plomb. Il a toutefois constaté que cette batterie était inférieure à la précédente. Il est certain, en effet, que le manganèse battait pour avoir une force électromotrice beaucoup plus petite que la batterie peroxyde de plomb, et que la dépolarizationdevrait être très imparfaite. Quelle que soit la raison, cette batterie a été complètement oubliée lorsque Leclanche a commencé ses recherches, ce qui a abouti à la production de l'une des batteries les plus utilisées et les meilleures, dans certains cas,

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Elementary treatise on electric batteries . eceding one, by substituting peroxideof manganese for peroxide of lead. He found, however, that this battery was inferior to the preceding one. It is certain, in effect, that the manganese batteryought to have a much smaller electro-motive force thanthe peroxide-of-lead battery, and that the depolarizationought to be very imperfect. Whatever may have beenthe reasons, this battery was completely forgotten whenLeclanche commenced his researches, which resulted inthe production of one of the most extensively used andbest batteries, for certain instances, ever invented. LECLANCHES BATTEEY. A cell of this battery is shown in Fig. 43. Theoutside glass jar is square, which allows the placing of a OXIDES IN BATTEEIES. 181 large number in a comparatively small box, thtis render-ing the battery less cumbersome. The glass jar isnarrowed at the top, just leaving room for the cylindricalporous jar to be put in or taken out, which almost closesthe glass jar, thus diminishing any possible evaporation. Fig. 43. of the liquid. The narrow part of the jar is furnishedwith an orifice, through which the zinc is passed, andwhich is also convenient in pouring out the liquidcontained in the jar. The soluble electrode is formed of a simple cylindrical 182 TWO-LIQUID BATTEKIES. piece of zinc, about half an inch in diameter. A littlehole is made in the centre of the top of the zinc, in whicha galvanized iron wire is soldered. This connection is atthe same time flexible and solid ; it may be wound in theshape of a helix, which gives it an elasticity frequentlyvery convenient. The porous jar has, as we have said, about the samediameter as the mouth of the glass jar, and contains almostequal parts of peroxide of manganese and crushed carbon.In the centre of this mass is a bar of carbon, capped withlead, to which the positive binding screw is attached. The outside jar is about half filled with water andammonia-hydrochlorate. After a short time the liquid

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