. Un manuel de botanique : être une introduction à l'étude de la structure, la physiologie et la classification des végétaux . La botanique. Formes de tiges. 47 qui reste dans certaines usines après les feuilles, branches, fleurs et tiges- ont flétri. Dans cette facilité les entre-nœuds sont très courts, et les noeuds sont entassés, de sorte que la plante semble être moins- de la tige. Il est vu dans les plantes vivaces, les feuilles de 'bas qui meurent au sol chaque année. Un rhizome ou racine-stock (fig. 107) est une tige qui court le long de la surface du sol, d'être partiellement par le sol, envoyant des racines,il

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. A Manual of botany : being an introduction to the study of the structure, physiology, and classification of plants . Botany. FORMS OF STEMS. 47 which remains in some plants after the leaves, branches, and flower- stalks have withered. In this ease the internodes are very short, and the nodes are crowded together, so that the plant appears to be stem- less. It is seen in perennial plants, the leaves of which die 'down to the ground annually. A Rhizome or root-stock (fig. 107) is a stem which runs along the surface of the ground, being partially cover- ed by the soil, sending out roots from, its lower side and leaf-buds from its upper. It occurs in Ferns, Iris, Hedy- rig. lor. chium, Aoorus or Sweet Flag, Ginger, Water-lily, many species of Oarex, Eushes, Anemone, Lath- rsea, etc. By many the term rhizome is applied to stems creeping horizontally, whether they are altogether or only partially subterranean. The short underground stem of Arum maculatum differs from the rhizome of Solomon's Seal, in the presence of the old axes in the latter, and their decay in the former. A rhizome may then be considered as a series of corms united together, the internodes or individual axes being more or less elongated, and usually covered with leaf scales. In rhizomes, called definite, the terminal bud gives off flowers, and the lateral buds form the stem; while in indefinite rhizomes the terminal leaf-bud is formed annually. A rhizome sometimes assumes an erect form as in Scabiosa succisa, in which the so-called prcemorse (proemorms, bitten at the end) root is In reality a rhizome, with the lower end decaying. The erect rhizome of Cicuta virosa shows hollow internodes, separated by partitions. A Pseudo-bulb is an enlarged bulbous-like aerial stem, common in Orchidaceous plants. It is succulent, often contains numerous spiral cells and vessels, and is covered with a thick epidermis. In the Kohl-rabi a peculiar thickened turnip-like stem is met with. A Soboles is a creeping undergroun

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