. Un manuel de zoologie. Zoologie. C. CEPHALOPODA 343 ganglions buccaux supérieur et inférieur. La grande ganglions optiques, dans le nerf optique découlant de la cerveau et le ventre clos dans la 'white- corps,' une masse lymphoïde, sont particulièrement caractéristique, ainsi que la piste- lia stellata, droite et gauche au bord antérieur du mande (fig. 356, si), qui doivent leur nom à la radiation de fibres pour innerver le manteau. Un ganglion sympathique hes à la jonction de l'estomac et l'intestin. Pédale, cérébral, viscéral et ganglions optiques sont enfermés dans le cartilage céphalique, qui a la forme d

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. A manual of zoology. Zoology. V. CEPHALOPODA 343 upper and lower buccal ganglia. The large optic ganglia, in the optic nerve arising from the cerebrum and enclosed ventrally in the 'white- body, ' a lymphoid mass, are especially characteristic, as are the gang- lia stellata, right and left at the anterior edge of the mande (fig. 356, si), which owe their name to the radiation of fibres to innervate the mantle. An unpaired sympathetic ganglion hes at the junction of stomach and intestine. Cerebral, pedal, visceral and optic ganglia are enclosed in the cephalic cartilage, which has the shape of a ring with wing-like processes. The complicated statocysts lie in the ventral arch of the ring. The sense of smell is highly developed. Apparently it resides in a pair of spots of skin between the eyes and the mantle which are richly supplied with nerves. In the Decapoda these are sunk in pits, in the Octopoda they form papilla;. In Nautilus, which has also two pairs of osphradia, there is a papilla with a ciliated groove, beneath each eye, corresponding to the olfactory organ of the other groups. Most noticeable of the circulatory structures is the presence of two kinds of hearts (fig. 356). The systemic heart consists of two (four in Nati- tiliis) auricles receiving arterial blood from the gills, and a median ventricle from which arise anterior and posterior aortfe. Then there is a branchial heart at the base of each ctenidium which receives the blood from the vena cava and pumps it into the gill. Of venje cava; there are an anterior unpaired and two posterior paired trunks, the former dividing and sending a branch to each branchial heart. These trunks are con- nected with the nephridia. The nephridial open- ings (p. 339) lead to two spacious sacs through which the veins pass obliquely. This part of the blood vessels bears venous diverticula which pro- ject into the nephridial sac and are covered with an epithelium of excretory cells. Near its mouth each nephridial sac comm

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• bookdecade1910
• booksubjectzoology
• bookyear1912