. Un manuel de zoologie. Zoologie. ≫ou Clio IIB. xiiipiiired wliile ATA, dans tous les autres vertébrés il est couplé. La plupart des con- stant du cartilage en pierre sont les ethmoids ecteth (la paire- moids, ce, et le pjaired mesethmoid parfois), et les quatre occipitals. D'autre part, l'optique et otique régions varient considérablement ; la région otique, de son gi'manger taille, a plusieurs os, nsnally (fig. 589) au nombre de cinq : jjterotic, 7 ;/©, souvent appelé r ffpM pot/r. S. 7. Fjg. "Iftw.-Crâne, viscères] d'arches et de partie nf ci'lumuof Musiclua vertébrale vulgaris, am antorbital ; c<i, copul

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. A manual of zoology. Zoology. >ou Clio IIB ATA. xiiipiiired, wliile in all other vertebrates it is paired. Most con- stant of the cartilage hones are the ethmoids (the paired ecteth- moids, ce, and the sometimes pjaired mesethmoid), and the four occipitals. On the other hand the otic and optic regions vary considerably; the otic region, from its gi'eat size, has several bones, nsnally (fig. 589) five in number: jjterotic, 7;/©, often called r ffpM pot/r. S. 7. Fjg. "iftw.—Cranium, viscera] arches, and part nf vertebral ci'lumuof Musiclua vulgaris, am antorbital process; c<i, copula; (iji. foramen for glossopharyngeal; H, otic capsule and hyoid; Hia. hyoQjandibular; /r, iutercalare: Md, mandible (Meckel's cartilage) ; A, nasal capsule; ribs; ?r, trigeminus foramen ; (', vagus foraiueu; 1-s, visceral arches: 1, labial; r?, mandibular; .;, byoid: ^S. gill arches. s([uainosal; splienotic, .yjio, frequently called postfrontal; epiotic, epoj prootic, i>nj; and opisthotie, oo, tlie last sometimes lacking. In the region of the eye the cartilaginous S2)henoids are rarely well develojied, the large parasphenoid taking their phice. The same is true of the ali- and orbitfisphenoids, these sometimes form- ing an iuterorbital septum (fig. .tOO) or a more or less wide in- terorbital fenestra (fig. 58!i). The character of the visceral skeleton is related to the a(|uatic life. All fishes have numerous gill arches (five to seven, mostly five), which, since their function—gill supporting—is similar, are similar in structure. So far as they are not degenerate they con- sist each of four parts tind are connected by unjiaired t'opuhv, these often being fused. The upper ends ;ire frei(uently toothed and, in chewing, are opposed liy the rudimentary hist arch, on which accf)unt these are spoken of as the superior and inferior pharyngetil bones. The anterior visceral tirches are greatly different in car- tilaginous and bony fishes. In the former (fig. 588) the pteryg

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• bookcentury1900
• bookdecade1900
• booksubjectzoology
• bookyear1902