Une ancienne gravure d'une filature de coton de la Nouvelle-Angleterre, typique du système Lowell dans les années 1800 Il est tiré d'un livre d'histoire américain de 1895. Francis Cabot Lowell (1775-1817) a joué un rôle déterminant dans l'avènement de la révolution industrielle aux États-Unis. Lowell a fondé la Boston Manufacturing Co en 1813. Sa première usine de textile était à Waltham, Massachusetts en 1814. Lowell embauchait de jeunes femmes (les «filles de moulin», généralement célibataires âgées de 15 à 35 ans), et les conditions de travail étaient relativement humaines. Son système Waltham-Lowell combinait le filage et le tissage du tissu sous un même toit. Cela a révolutionné l'industrie du coton.

• Contributeur: M&N / Alamy Banque D'Images
• ID de l’image: 2RGG3K6
• Taille du fichier: 25,2 MB (2,8 MB Téléchargement compressé)
• Autorisations: Modèle - non | Propriété - non
• Dimensions: 3543 x 2490 px | 30 x 21,1 cm | 11,8 x 8,3 inches | 300dpi
• Lieu: USA

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Cette image peut avoir des imperfections car il s’agit d’une image historique ou de reportage.

An old engraving of a New England cotton mill, one typical of the ‘Lowell system’ in 1800s. It is from an American history book of 1895. Francis Cabot Lowell (1775–1817) was instrumental in bringing the Industrial Revolution to the United States. Lowell founded the Boston Manufacturing Company in 1813, which built its first mill next to the Charles River in Waltham, Massachusetts in 1814. Unlike other textile manufacturers at the time, Lowell decided to hire young women (usually single) between the ages of 15 and 35, who became known as ‘mill girls’. His Waltham-Lowell system combined the textile processes of spinning and weaving to a finished cloth under one roof, which completely revolutionised the cotton industry. Not only was it faster and more efficient, his way of working was considered more humane than the UK. Lowell devised a factory community where his employees were required to live in company-owned dormitories adjacent to the mill that were run by older women chaperones called ‘matrons’. The women still worked 80 hours a week and had to adhere to strict moral codes (enforced by the matrons) as well as attend religious services and educational classes. Highly discriminatory and paternalistic by modern standards, it was seen as revolutionary in its day.

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