. Coût de la production de pommes dans la vallée Payette, Idaho : une étude détaillée des coûts actuels facteurs impliqués dans l'entretien des vergers et la manipulation de la récolte sur 38 paliers représentant des vergers, dans l'ouest du district de Payette de l'Idaho. Les pommes. Coût DE PRODUCTION DE POMMES, PAYETTE VALLEY, Idaho. 5 En 1881, le premier projet d'irrigation a été lancé. (Voir PL II.) avant cette date, l'industrie agricole se limitait essentiellement à l'élevage de chevaux et de bétail et la culture des céréales pour l'autoconsommation. L'histoire du verger l'industrie dans la région de Payette date du début des années 80, mais je

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. Cost of production of apples in the Payette Valley, Idaho : a detailed study of the current cost factors involved in the maintenance of orchards and the handling of the crop on 38 representative bearing orchards, Payette district in western Idaho. Apples. COST OF PRODUCTION OF APPLES, PAYETTE VALLEY, IDAHO. 5 In 1881 the first irrigation project was started. (See PL II.) Prior to this time the farming industry was confined largely to raising horses and cattle and growing grain for home consumption. The history of the orchard industry in the Payette region dates from the early eighties, but it was not until about 1895 that commer- cial plantings of prunes and apples were made. Most of the planting has been done since 1900. During the last four or five years the planting of apples has fallen off, but prunes still are being planted in commercial quantities. The early orchards were largely home orchards and were made up of many varieties, including Wolf River, Lawver, Ben Davis, Baldwin, and many other old varieties. The later orchards are made up largely of Jonathan and Winesap, which are the principal com- mercial varieties of the valley to-day. Mining towns, such as Butte. Fig. 3.—A small ranch near Fruitland showing the type of diversified farming practiced. and Anaconda, together with the smaller settlements located nearer Payette, offered the best markets for the products of the valley in early years, but with a growth of the industry more distant markets were sought. Many of the owners of the older bearing orchards are those who "bought the land at comparatively low prices and developed it them- selves. Homesteads could have been taken up in the valley as late as 1895. Much of the younger acreage of apples and a few of the older tracts are held by a class of newcomers who have settled in the valley during the last few years. Owing to frosts and occasional years of poor prices, many growers have been disappointed some- what in the apple industry. Taking i

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