. Le génie ferroviaire et de locomotive : un journal pratique de la force motrice ferroviaire et du matériel roulant . er, et quand la chaudière est remplie et est maintenue .it la hauteur de l'eau dans la chaudière il n'y a pas de circulation de wa-ter, par conséquent pas d'incrustation. Lorsque l'eau de la chaudière tombe à la hauteur de la connexion de la chaudière, l'eau dans le rup s'écoule par gravité vers le b< ; la vapeur entre dans la chaudière. L’équipe•étant plus chaude que l’eau, qui est un peu refroidie par l’exposition à l’atmosphère, développe le mercure contre ■ diaphr.ijrni. ihi» à son tour ouvre la vanne■•am Mmil.ir à un gov
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. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . er, and when the boiler is filled and ismaintained .it the height of the water inthe boiler there is no circulation of wa-ter, consequently no incrustation. As•oon as the water in the boiler falls tothe height of the boiler connection thewater in the rup flows by gravity backinto the b<iler and steam enters. The•team being hotter than the water, whichU somewhat cooled by exposure to theatmosphere, expands the mercury against ■ diaphr.ijrni. ihi» in turn opens the■•am valve Mmil.ir to a governor on anair pump and aftrr the steam is liberated from the boiler it is, of course, availablefor such purposes as we may wish toput it to. On an oil-burning locomo-tive the steam is then used first to blowan alarm whistle and second there is aconnection to the steam pipe which shutsoff the supply of oil and they will re-main closed and the whistle continue toblow until it receives attention from thecrew, or as long as there is steam inthe boiler.It is probable that the 260 explosions. ^Mj I>:>W V.TKK , I.ARM Ff)K LOCOMOTIVES. averaged $10, 000 each, without countingthe cost of life which is shown in yourreport and which cannot be computed indollars and cents. Not figuring the en-gines which were damaged, which is thelarger proportion, due to low water andassuming that the explosions would aver-age ttojoon each, it would represent amoney value of %2.6oo/K)0, and at $100each for a device of this kind, would equip JtOOj locomotives or approximately halfthe locomotives in use in the UnitedStates. I have a report from the B. of L. E.going to show that there were 102 deathscaused by boiler explosions of locomo-tives since 1896. If these men were in-sured at the minimum amount of S1.500each, the B. of L. E. has paid their wivesand relatives $153, 000 death benefits. I have a report from the Hartford In-surance Company going to show thatthere were 450 explosions in
